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农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (8): 13-18.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300048

所属专题: 资源与环境 小麦 棉花

• 农艺科学/生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉麦套作模式下棉行光热资源分布变化及光能利用的研究

刘祎(), 王燕, 张谦, 冯国艺, 张曦, 钱玉源, 祁虹()   

  1. 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心,河北石家庄 050051
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-06 修回日期:2020-05-21 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-19
  • 通讯作者: 祁虹 E-mail:liuyi1105@126.com;qihong83@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘祎,女,1983年出生,河北石家庄人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事棉花种质资源筛选、鉴定及应用。通信地址:050000 河北省石家庄市和平西路598号 河北省农林科学院棉花研究所,Tel:0311-87652079,E-mail: liuyi1105@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划课题“环渤海河北增粮技术集成与示范”(2013BAD05B05);河北省农林科学院创新工程项目“现代棉花农场高效结构和高端原棉产业化技术研究与示范”(2-07-01);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2019301097)

Photothermal Resource Distribution and Light Utilization in Cotton Rows: Under Cotton-wheat Intercropping

Liu Yi(), Wang Yan, Zhang Qian, Feng Guoyi, Zhang Xi, Qian Yuyuan, Qi Hong()   

  1. Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture /National Cotton Improvement Center Hebei Branch, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
  • Received:2020-03-06 Revised:2020-05-21 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-19
  • Contact: Qi Hong E-mail:liuyi1105@126.com;qihong83@126.com

摘要:

研究起垄处理对棉麦共生期棉行光、热、水条件的影响,以及棉花光能利用特性的响应,旨在揭示起垄促进棉麦套作模式下棉花生长发育、提高产量的生理生态机制。试验设置棉麦平作套种(T)和棉行起垄套种(T+L)2个处理,以棉花单作(D)作为对照,测定棉麦共生期不同光量子密度梯度下棉花功能叶片的净光合速率(Pn),拟合光响应曲线,计算棉花功能叶片光利用特性指标,分析棉行光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化与光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)变化,计算不同处理下的日有效光能(PARd)。结果表明:T处理下,棉行的冠层PARd、5 cm地温和耕层土壤含水量均显著低于D处理,生长发育迟缓,产量降低达20.1%。而T+L处理下,PARd在三叶期和小麦收获期分别比T处理提高了5.8%和47.5%,5 cm地温在11:00以后显著提升,20 cm土壤含水量降低减缓;与T处理相比,T+L处理棉花功能叶片的PnmaxLSP显著提高,LCP则无显著变化,相对生长速率(PGR)提高,开花期与吐絮期较处理T提前4~5天,两年产量分别比处理T提升了14.5%和15.3%。起垄处理增强棉麦共生期棉行冠层的PAR,提高棉花功能叶片的PnmaxLSP,增加了棉行的PARd,同时提高了棉行的土壤温度,减缓了耕层水分降低速率,从而缓解了遮光对棉花生长发育的抑制作用,提高了棉麦套作模式下棉花的产量。

关键词: 棉麦套作, 棉行起垄, 光热资源, 光热分布, 光能利用

Abstract:

Through studying the effects of ridging treatment on the light, heat and water conditions of cotton and wheat in the symbiotic stage and the response of the light energy utilization characteristics of cotton, the paper aims to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanism of ridging promoting the growth and increasing the yield in cotton-wheat intercropping. The experiment set up two treatments including cotton-wheat flat intercropping (T) and cotton row ridging intercropping (T+L), with cotton monoculture (D) as the control. The function leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was determined under different photon density gradients on symbiotic period of wheat cotton, the light response curve was fitted, and the light utilizing characteristic parameters of function leaves were calculated. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) were analyzed. The daily effective light energy (PARd) was calculated under different treatments. In the cotton-wheat intercropping mode (T), the water content in the canopy of cotton row and the topsoil with ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly lower than that of treatment D, with growth retardation and yield reduction of 20.1%. Under the treatment T+L, the PARd in the trifoliate stage and wheat harvest stage increased by 5.8% and 47.5%, respectively, compared with treatment T. The ground temperature of 5 cm was significantly increased after 11:00, and the soil moisture content of 20 cm decreased slowly. Compared with treatment T, the Pnmax and LSP of functional leaves of cotton treated with T+L were significantly increased, while LCP showed no significant change. The relative plant growth rate (PGR) was increased, and the flowering and flocculation stages were 4-5 days earlier than that of treatment T. The annual yield was increased by 14.5% and 15.3%, respectively, compared with treatment T. Ridging process strengthened the canopy PAR in the symbiotic period of cotton-wheat intercropping, increased the Pnmax and LSP of function leaves, increased the PARd of cotton lines, raised the soil temperature of cotton lines, slowed down the water reducing rate in the top layer, and thus reduced the inhibitory effect of shading on cotton growth and development, and then increased the output of the cotton-wheat intercropping.

Key words: Cotton-wheat Intercropping, Ridging Cotton Line, Photothermal Resources, Photothermal Distribution, Light Utilization

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