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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 60-65.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0076

所属专题： 生物技术； 油料作物； 农业气象

• 农业信息/农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同播期气候条件对内蒙古东北部大豆主要农艺性状和品质的影响

王彦平1(), 张坤2, 张佳兴2, 姚晔2, 姜凤友1()   

  1. 1内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局,内蒙古海拉尔 021008
    2内蒙古扎兰屯市气象局,内蒙古扎兰屯 162650
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-26 修回日期:2021-07-03 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-07-08
  • 通讯作者: 姜凤友 E-mail:fei_ping@sohu.com;jfyjfy456@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:王彦平,女,1974年出生,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,高级工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事农牧业气象研究。通信地址：021008 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区根河路108号 内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局,E-mail： fei_ping@sohu.com。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“大豆优质丰产气象指标试验研究及应用示范”(nmqxkjcx202102);中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对内蒙古大豆适宜性的影响研究”(CCSF202025)

Effects of Climatic Conditions at Different Sowing Dates on Main Agronomic Characters and Quality of Soybean in Northeast Inner Mongolia

WANG Yanping1(), ZHANG Kun2, ZHANG Jiaxing2, YAO Ye2, JIANG Fengyou1()   

  1. 1Hulun Buir Meteorological Office, Hailar 021008, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Zhalantun City Meteorological Office, Zhalantun 162650, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2021-04-26 Revised:2021-07-03 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-07-08
  • Contact: JIANG Fengyou E-mail:fei_ping@sohu.com;jfyjfy456@sohu.com

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摘要：

通过对内蒙古东北部区3个大豆品种5个播期下农艺性状和品质的比较分析,得出3个品种丰产优质的最佳播期：高脂肪品种‘蒙豆-12’的最佳播期为5月15日,产量和品质均为最优;高蛋白品种‘蒙豆-13’的最佳播期为4月27日,理论产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和蛋脂总和均高于正常播期;高产品种‘蒙豆-15’最佳播期为4月27日和5月5日,早播一周和早播两周产量基本相同,不宜晚播,籽粒品质早播优于晚播;3个品种综合表现为在多雨的年份均可以适时早播。对比分析了最佳播期下各生育期的气温、降水量及气温日较差与正常播期的差别,进而分析了不同播期气候条件对不同品种产量和品质的影响：播种—结荚期气温偏低、气温日较差增大以及全生育期降水的偏少均不利于‘蒙豆-12’产量形成,但利于蒙‘豆-13’和‘蒙豆-15’产量的形成;播种—结荚期气温低于正常播期、全生育期气温日较差大于正常播期利于提高粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量和蛋脂总和。

关键词: 大豆, 播期, 气候, 农艺性状, 品质

Abstract:

Through the comparative analysis of agronomic characters and quality of three soybean varieties on five sowing dates in northeast Inner Mongolia, the best sowing dates were obtained for the three soybean varieties with high yield and high quality. The best sowing date of high fat variety ‘Mengdou-12’ was May 15, and its yield and quality were the best. The best sowing date of high protein variety ‘Mengdou-13’ was April 27, and the sum of theoretical yield, the content of crude protein, crude fat and total fat in protein were higher than those at the normal sowing date. The best sowing date of high yield variety ‘Mengdou -15’ was April 27 and May 5, and the yield of one-week early sowing was basically the same as that of two-week early sowing, so late sowing was not proper, and the grain quality of early sowing was better than that of late sowing. The comprehensive performance of the three varieties showed that they could be sown early in rainy years. Moreover, the differences of temperature, precipitation and daily temperature range were compared between the best sowing dates and the normal sowing dates, and the effects of climatic conditions at different sowing dates on yield and quality of different varieties were analyzed. Low air temperature and increasing daily temperature range from sowing stage to fruiting stage and less precipitation in the whole growth period are not conducive to the yield formation of ‘Mengdou-12’, but they are beneficial to the yield formation of ‘Mengdou-13’ and ‘Mengdou-15’. Subnormal air temperature from sowing stage to fruiting stage and large daily temperature range in the whole growth period are beneficial to increasing the content of crude fat, crude protein and protein and oil.

Key words: soybean, sowing date, climate, agronomic character, quality