腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0038

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 1-8.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0038

• 农艺科学生理生化 • 下一篇

腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果

张运红¹(), 毛家伟¹(), 刘小奇², 李丙奇¹, 袁天佑³, 徐祺豪¹, 钱凯²

¹ 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室，郑州 450002
² 郑州阿波罗肥业有限公司，河南荥阳 450100
³ 河南省土壤肥料站，郑州 450002

收稿日期:2022-03-31 修回日期:2022-05-21 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-04-18
通讯作者: 毛家伟，男，1981年出生，湖北广水人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：新型肥料研制与应用。通信地址：450002 河南郑州金水区花园路116号河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，E-mail：maojiawei2022@126.com。
作者简介:
张运红，女，1983年出生，河南新乡人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：植物营养与施肥。通信地址：450002 河南郑州金水区花园路116号河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，E-mail：snowgirl23@126.com。
基金资助:
郑州市重大科技创新专项项目“基于腐植酸的高效专用肥料开发应用与产业化推广”(2020CXZX0085); 国家自然科学基金“海藻酸钠寡糖通过ABA途径调控小麦抗旱性的分子机制解析”(32001443)

Application Effects of Wheat Specific Humic Acid Fertilizer and Its Reduction on Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area in North Henan

ZHANG Yunhong¹(), MAO Jiawei¹(), LIU Xiaoqi², LI Bingqi¹, YUAN Tianyou³, XU Qihao¹, QIAN Kai²

¹ Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
² Zhengzhou Apollo Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Xingyang 450100, Henan, China
³ Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China

Received:2022-03-31 Revised:2022-05-21 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用大田试验，研究腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果，以明确腐殖酸肥料的减肥潜力，为其高效合理施用提供理论支撑。试验设置7个处理，分别为：T1（不施肥对照），T2（习惯施肥）和T3（优化施肥、施用普通小麦专用肥），T4、T5、T6和T7处理（分别施用100%、90%、80%和70%腐殖酸小麦专用肥，其中T4和T3处理等养分），考察不同处理小麦产量、养分吸收利用效率及土壤养分含量的差异。结果表明：同等养分条件下，T4处理的小麦总氮、钾吸收量较T3处理分别增加5.6%和4.7%，成熟期小麦秸秆和籽粒中磷含量以及越冬期土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量也有所提高，但产量未增加。T5处理的小麦产量最高，分别较T1、T2、T3、T4、T6和T7处理增加20.0%、4.7%、8.4%、9.8%、13.9%和18.4%；肥料农学利用效率和肥料偏生产力也最高，分别为5.18 kg/kg和31.07 kg/kg。T6和T7处理的小麦总养分积累量、开花期土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量显著下降，产量和肥料农学利用效率也低于其他施肥处理，T7处理的成熟期土壤有效磷和速效钾含量也显著降低。本试验条件下，豫北潮土区施用90%腐殖酸小麦专用肥可一定程度上实现减肥增产。

关键词: 腐殖酸小麦专用肥, 减量, 小麦, 潮土区, 施用效果

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the application effects of wheat specific humic acid fertilizer (Triticum aestivum L.) and its reduction on wheat in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan, in order to clarify the potential of humic acid fertilizer reduction and provide theoretical support for fertilizer efficient and rational application. In the experiment, seven treatments were set up: T1 (the control, without fertilization), T2 (conventional fertilization), T3 (optimized fertilization, applying wheat specific common fertilizers), T4, T5, T6 and T7 (applying 100%, 90%, 80% and 70% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer respectively, and T4 and T3 had the same amount of nutrients). We investigated the differences of yield, and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of wheat, as well as the content of soil nutrients among different treatments. The results showed that under the same nutrient condition, compared with T3, the total nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) accumulation of wheat under T4 increased by 5.6% and 4.7% respectively. There was also obvious increase in phosphorus (P) content in wheat straw and grain at the mature stage, and the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K at the wintering stage, but the yield did not increase. The yield of T5 was the highest, which was increased by 20.0%, 4.7%, 8.4%, 9.8%, 13.9% and 18.4% compared with that of T1, T2, T3, T4, T6 and T7; moreover, the fertilizer agronomy efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of T5 were also the highest, which were 5.18 kg/kg and 31.07 kg/kg, respectively. There were significant decreases of the total nutrient accumulation of wheat, and soil alkali-hydrolyzed N content and available P content at the flowering stage under T6 and T7, and the yield and fertilizer agronomy efficiency of the two treatments were also lower than those of other fertilization treatments. Moreover, the content of soil available P and available K of T7 were also significantly reduced at the harvest stage. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of 90% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer could reduce fertilizer amount and improve wheat yield to a certain extent in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan.

Key words: wheat specific humic acid fertilizer, reduction, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), fluvo-aquic soil area, application effects

张运红, 毛家伟, 刘小奇, 李丙奇, 袁天佑, 徐祺豪, 钱凯. 腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(4): 1-8.

ZHANG Yunhong, MAO Jiawei, LIU Xiaoqi, LI Bingqi, YUAN Tianyou, XU Qihao, QIAN Kai. Application Effects of Wheat Specific Humic Acid Fertilizer and Its Reduction on Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area in North Henan[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(4): 1-8.

图/表 6

参考文献 28

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处理	基肥			追肥			总养分量
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
T1(CK)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
T2	153	180	45	57.5	0	0	210.5	180	45
T3	119	140	35	57.5	0	0	176.5	140	35
T4	119	140	35	57.5	0	0	176.5	140	35
T5	107.1	126	31.5	57.5	0	0	164.6	126	31.5
T6	95.2	112	28	57.5	0	0	152.7	112	28
T7	83.3	98	24.5	57.5	0	0	140.8	98	24.5

处理	基肥			追肥			总养分量
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
T1(CK)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
T2	153	180	45	57.5	0	0	210.5	180	45
T3	119	140	35	57.5	0	0	176.5	140	35
T4	119	140	35	57.5	0	0	176.5	140	35
T5	107.1	126	31.5	57.5	0	0	164.6	126	31.5
T6	95.2	112	28	57.5	0	0	152.7	112	28
T7	83.3	98	24.5	57.5	0	0	140.8	98	24.5

处理	千粒重/g	株高/cm	穗长/cm	穗粒数	穗质量/g	穗数/ （万/hm²）	产量/ (kg/hm²)
T1(CK)	47.10b	63.39b	6.55c	29.34c	1.85c	433.65b	8339.38c
T2	44.53c	70.90a	7.77a	35.29b	2.25abc	453.66ab	9562.48b
T3	48.30ab	69.13a	7.02b	33.26bc	2.18abc	583.75a	9228.91b
T4	48.67ab	68.67a	7.29b	32.67bc	2.10bc	515.93ab	9117.72b
T5	46.93b	72.33a	7.62a	34.16b	2.14abc	517.04ab	10007.25a
T6	51.07a	68.09a	7.71a	37.93a	2.52a	487.02ab	8784.14bc
T7	52.00a	70.59a	7.67a	37.01a	2.31ab	477.01ab	8450.57c

处理	千粒重/g	株高/cm	穗长/cm	穗粒数	穗质量/g	穗数/ （万/hm²）	产量/ (kg/hm²)
T1(CK)	47.10b	63.39b	6.55c	29.34c	1.85c	433.65b	8339.38c
T2	44.53c	70.90a	7.77a	35.29b	2.25abc	453.66ab	9562.48b
T3	48.30ab	69.13a	7.02b	33.26bc	2.18abc	583.75a	9228.91b
T4	48.67ab	68.67a	7.29b	32.67bc	2.10bc	515.93ab	9117.72b
T5	46.93b	72.33a	7.62a	34.16b	2.14abc	517.04ab	10007.25a
T6	51.07a	68.09a	7.71a	37.93a	2.52a	487.02ab	8784.14bc
T7	52.00a	70.59a	7.67a	37.01a	2.31ab	477.01ab	8450.57c

处理	越冬期秸秆			开花期秸秆			成熟期秸秆			成熟期籽粒
处理	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
T1	27.43b	2.48c	17.88d	16.97b	1.60c	18.55b	3.52b	0.16d	17.24b	21.07a	2.77b	2.80c
T2	30.40a	2.92a	20.76a	16.18bc	2.18a	19.27a	4.87a	0.32a	17.66a	21.36a	2.82a	2.80c
T3	29.92a	2.86a	20.70a	15.62c	1.94ab	16.44c	3.36b	0.16d	16.16c	20.02a	2.76b	2.90b
T4	30.14a	2.89a	19.95b	18.92a	1.88b	18.84b	3.56b	0.22c	16.61c	21.25a	2.80a	2.80c
T5	30.37a	2.84a	19.72b	16.46b	1.93ab	18.16b	3.58b	0.20c	17.14b	20.26a	2.82a	2.79c
T6	30.38a	2.92a	19.63b	16.68b	2.01ab	18.73b	3.76b	0.26b	16.17c	21.28a	2.80a	3.04a
T7	30.06a	2.71b	18.76c	17.10b	1.80b	16.12c	3.64b	0.20c	16.00c	20.87a	2.62c	3.04a

腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果

Application Effects of Wheat Specific Humic Acid Fertilizer and Its Reduction on Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area in North Henan

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处理		T1		T2		T3		T4		T5		T6	T7
越冬期秸秆	N	40.20d		62.96a		55.59b		55.05b		56.39b		55.04b	47.46c
	P	3.63d		6.05a		5.31b		5.28b		5.27b		5.29b	4.28c
	K	26.20c		42.99a		38.46ab		36.44b		36.62b		35.57b	29.62bc
开花期秸秆	N	150.75c		188.49b		195.69ab		209.74a		186.76b		189.12b	188.22b
	P	14.21c		25.40a		24.30a		20.84b		21.90ab		22.79ab	19.81b
	K	18.55b		19.27a		16.44c		18.84b		18.16b		18.73b	16.12c
成熟期秸秆	N	28.18c		46.62a		33.62bc		36.81b		30.21c		32.61bc	30.36c
	P	1.28c		3.06a		1.60bc		2.27b		1.69bc		2.25b	1.67bc
	K	138.02cd		169.07b		161.72b		171.76a		144.65c		140.24c	133.43d
处理		T1	T2		T3		T4		T5		T6		T7
成熟期籽粒	N	175.71d	204.25a		184.76c		193.75b		202.75a		186.93c		176.36d
	P	23.10bc	26.97ab		25.47b		25.53b		28.22a		24.60b		22.14c
	K	23.35b	26.77a		26.76a		25.53ab		27.92a		26.70a		25.69ab
成熟期总积累量	N	203.89d	250.87a		218.38c		230.56b		232.96b		219.54c		206.72d
	P	24.38c	30.03a		27.07b		27.80b		29.91a		26.85b		23.81c
	K	161.37c	195.84a		188.48ab		197.29a		172.57b		166.94bc		159.12c

处理		T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7
越冬期	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	48c	80a	44c	66b	74ab	67b	68b
	有效磷/(mg/kg)	15.1b	22.8a	21.2a	24.3a	14.6b	14.4b	11.8c
	速效钾/(mg/kg)	120ab	135a	108b	120ab	123ab	131a	105b
开花期	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	68b	70ab	74a	70ab	76a	66b	57c
	有效磷/(mg/kg)	8.6d	10.4c	13.0b	14.4b	16.4a	9.5cd	9.6cd
	速效钾/(mg/kg)	94a	82b	84b	82b	86b	82b	82b
成熟期	全氮/(g/kg)	0.82b	0.92ab	0.92ab	1.00a	0.84b	0.86b	0.76b
	全磷/(g/kg)	0.446a	0.477a	0.382ab	0.347b	0.405ab	0.305b	0.334b
	全钾/(g/kg)	16.92ab	16.76ab	16.39ab	15.48b	16.22ab	15.92b	17.14a
	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	73a	58b	46b	51b	51b	44b	48b
	有效磷/(mg/kg)	12.1b	26.6a	24.1a	14.6b	12.0b	13.1b	7.8c
	速效钾/(mg/kg)	90b	101a	86b	90b	90b	94b	75c

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