不同种植方式对油莎豆幼苗生长及产量的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0077

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨不同种植方式对油莎豆生长发育及产量的影响，为科学栽培油莎豆提供理论依据。以‘黑油莎2号’为材料，采用二因素大田试验设计，研究了平作和垄作，以及行距30 cm、60 cm和90 cm对油莎豆生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：（1）与平作相比，垄作降低了0~20、20~40 cm土层土壤容重，增加了土壤含水量和土壤养分含量，随行距的增大，土壤容重、土壤含水量及养分含量均减小。（2）不同种植方式下，油莎豆株高间均未达到显著差异(P>0.05)，根长B1、B2和B3比A1、A2和A3分别增加了37.21%、39.24%和36.95%，分枝数分别增加了95.56%、62.09%和28.48%，叶面积分别增加了13.47%、44.23%和11.14%，根长、分枝数和叶面积在A1、A2和A3，以及B1、B2和B3之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。（3）B1比A1、B2比A2、B3比A3单株粒数分别增加了26.58%、7.71%和17.34%，单株产量分别增加了19.81%、18.06%和60.00%，总产量分别增加了61.21%、35.71%和9.77%。同一种植方式下，随着行距的增大，单株粒数、百粒重、单株产量和总产量均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。B2处理总产量最高，为7635 kg/hm²，均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。由此说明，垄作能改善土壤结构，增强土壤供肥能力，更有利于油莎豆幼苗生长，并且行距选择60 cm，产量最高，是较好的种植方式。

关键词: 油莎豆, 垄作, 土壤养分, 生长发育

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different planting methods on growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation of Cyperus esculentus, using ‘Cyperus esculentus No.2’ as material, a two-factor field experiment design was conducted to study the effects of flat and ridge planting and row spacing of 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm on growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus. The results are as follows, (1) Compared with flat planting, ridge planting decreased soil bulk density in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer, and increased soil water content and soil nutrient content. With the increase of row spacing, soil bulk density, soil water content and soil nutrient content decreased. (2) Under different planting methods, there was no significant difference of plant height (P>0.05), the root length of B1, B2 and B3 increased by 37.21%, 39.24% and 36.95% compared with that of A1, A2 and A3, respectively, the branch number increased by 95.56%, 62.09% and 28.48%, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 13.47%, 44.23% and 11.14%, respectively. There was no significant difference of root length, branch number and leaf area among A1, A2 and A3, and B1, B2 and B3 (P>0.05). (3) To compare B1 and A1, B2 and A2, and B3 and A3, the grain number per plant of the former increased by 26.58%, 7.71% and 17.34%, respectively; the grain yield per plant increased by 19.81%, 18.06% and 60.00%, and the total yield increased by 61.21%, 35.71% and 9.77%, respectively. Under the same planting method, the number of grains per plant, 100-grain weight, yield per plant and total yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of the row spacing. The total yield of B2 treatment was the highest (7635 kg/hm²), which was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, ridge planting could improve soil structure, enhance soil fertilizer supply capacity, and is more conducive to the growth of Cyperus esculentus seedlings, and the row spacing of 60 cm could achieve the highest yield and is a good planting method.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, ridge planting, soil nutrient, growth and development

姜生秀, 赵鹏, 朱淑娟. 不同种植方式对油莎豆幼苗生长及产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(7): 32-37.

JIANG Shengxiu, ZHAO Peng, ZHU Shujuan. Effects of Different Planting Methods on Seedling Growth and Yield of Cyperus esculentus[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(7): 32-37.

图/表 3

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土层/cm	处理	土壤容重/(g/cm³)	土壤含水量/%	土壤有机质/(g/kg)	土壤全氮/(g/kg)	土壤速效磷/(g/kg)
0~20	A1	1.25±0.038a	1.12±0.043b	3.33±0.025b	0.36±0.041a	6.81±0.049b
	A2	1.14±0.032b	1.01±0.039c	3.01±0.040d	0.29±0.038b	5.72±0.015d
	A3	1.10±0.037b	0.65±0.029e	3.24±0.029bc	0.16±0.017c	5.55±0.015d
	B1	1.16±0.040b	1.28±0.031a	4.05±0.022a	0.37±0.033a	7.51±0.038a
	B2	1.02±0.043c	1.05±0.035c	3.21±0.051c	0.34±0.022ab	7.42±0.035a
	B3	0.89±0.029d	0.88±0.022d	3.10±0.089d	0.28±0.032b	6.21±0.048c
20~40	A1	1.36±0.044a	2.45±0.029b	3.24±0.022a	0.24±0.024b	6.24±0.023b
	A2	1.35±0.022a	1.82±0.025d	3.11±0.035c	0.21±0.043b	6.35±0.025b
	A3	1.29±0.049ab	1.51±0.057e	3.14±0.029bc	0.11±0.047c	4.36±0.045d
	B1	1.28±0.060ab	2.67±0.031a	3.18±0.057ab	0.39±0.057a	6.61±0.039a
	B2	1.30±0.069ab	2.05±0.029c	3.14±0.023bc	0.26±0.015b	6.57±0.047a
	B3	1.24±0.015b	1.95±0.022d	3.08±0.024c	0.29±0.066b	5.32±0.029c

土层/cm	处理	土壤容重/(g/cm³)	土壤含水量/%	土壤有机质/(g/kg)	土壤全氮/(g/kg)	土壤速效磷/(g/kg)
0~20	A1	1.25±0.038a	1.12±0.043b	3.33±0.025b	0.36±0.041a	6.81±0.049b
	A2	1.14±0.032b	1.01±0.039c	3.01±0.040d	0.29±0.038b	5.72±0.015d
	A3	1.10±0.037b	0.65±0.029e	3.24±0.029bc	0.16±0.017c	5.55±0.015d
	B1	1.16±0.040b	1.28±0.031a	4.05±0.022a	0.37±0.033a	7.51±0.038a
	B2	1.02±0.043c	1.05±0.035c	3.21±0.051c	0.34±0.022ab	7.42±0.035a
	B3	0.89±0.029d	0.88±0.022d	3.10±0.089d	0.28±0.032b	6.21±0.048c
20~40	A1	1.36±0.044a	2.45±0.029b	3.24±0.022a	0.24±0.024b	6.24±0.023b
	A2	1.35±0.022a	1.82±0.025d	3.11±0.035c	0.21±0.043b	6.35±0.025b
	A3	1.29±0.049ab	1.51±0.057e	3.14±0.029bc	0.11±0.047c	4.36±0.045d
	B1	1.28±0.060ab	2.67±0.031a	3.18±0.057ab	0.39±0.057a	6.61±0.039a
	B2	1.30±0.069ab	2.05±0.029c	3.14±0.023bc	0.26±0.015b	6.57±0.047a
	B3	1.24±0.015b	1.95±0.022d	3.08±0.024c	0.29±0.066b	5.32±0.029c

处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	叶面积/cm²	分枝数
A1	45.33±7.510a	17.76±1.558b	32.14±0.981ab	15.34±3.214b
A2	44.67±3.605a	18.60±0.264b	23.67±2.081b	17.07±7.937b
A3	45.42±3.055a	17.56±0.907b	29.42±3.605ab	18.15±6.557b
B1	46.35±2.516a	24.37±1.069a	36.47±2.403a	30.00±2.041a
B2	47.72±1.527a	25.90±1.212a	34.14±5.651a	27.67±6.110a
B3	48.67±2.033a	24.05±0.714a	32.67±1.451a	23.32±4.871a

处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	叶面积/cm²	分枝数
A1	45.33±7.510a	17.76±1.558b	32.14±0.981ab	15.34±3.214b
A2	44.67±3.605a	18.60±0.264b	23.67±2.081b	17.07±7.937b
A3	45.42±3.055a	17.56±0.907b	29.42±3.605ab	18.15±6.557b
B1	46.35±2.516a	24.37±1.069a	36.47±2.403a	30.00±2.041a
B2	47.72±1.527a	25.90±1.212a	34.14±5.651a	27.67±6.110a
B3	48.67±2.033a	24.05±0.714a	32.67±1.451a	23.32±4.871a

处理	单株粒数	百粒重/g	单株产量/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
A1	122.27±7.63c	21.45±4.32b	45.36±1.58d	3120±192.63e
A2	156.41±2.54b	34.52±2.96a	67.22±2.57b	5626±110.94b
A3	127.26±5.01c	32.16±4.52a	46.38±2.30d	4798±195.65d
B1	154.78±3.16b	36.47±3.53a	54.35±3.53c	5030±100.05cd
B2	168.47±4.47a	37.55±4.47a	79.36±3.16a	7635±190.10a
B3	149.33±3.53b	32.48±2.77a	74.21±3.53a	5267±173.23bc