不同水稻品种稻谷对土壤中铅的积累特性及其安全风险评估

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明当前漳州市种植的水稻品种稻谷对铅的富集特性及其质量安全，以当地15个水稻主栽的品种为试材，采用添加铅源的盆栽试验及大田试验，考察稻谷对铅积累特性及评价其质量安全风险。结果表明，在弱酸性(5.5<pH≤6.5)水田土壤中，盆栽试验土壤铅全量分别为22.4、103.5、204.8 mg/kg时，15个品种稻谷铅含量变幅分别为0.016~0.061 mg/kg、0.061~0.198 mg/kg和0.157~0.606 mg/kg；大田试验土壤铅全量分别为23.4 mg/kg、26.4 mg/kg、23.5 mg/kg时，15个品种稻谷铅含量变幅为0.016~0.056 mg/kg、0.024~0.069 mg/kg和0.014~0.056 mg/kg；同一品种稻谷铅含量与土壤铅全量呈正相关性直线关系(P<0.01)。不同品种稻谷对铅的富集能力有明显的差异(P<0.05)，盆栽试验和大田试验的富集系数分别为0.059%~0.296%和0.060%~0.261%；聚类分析得出有4个品种为高富集、6个品种为中富集和5个品种为低富集。依据GB2762—2017规定的稻谷中铅含量限量标准(0.2 mg/kg)，低富集、中富集和高富集水稻品种，水田土壤(5.5<pH≤6.5)铅全量风险临界值分别为204.1~274.7 mg/kg、113.5~180.0 mg/kg、82.7~107.1 mg/kg。漳州市15个水稻品种，稻谷对铅的积累特性有明显差异；在土壤铅全量≥风险临界值的水田上种植，稻谷中铅含量将存在着高于0.2 mg/kg的质量安全高风险。

关键词: 水稻品种, 稻谷, 铅, 富集特性, 质量安全, 风险评价

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the lead enrichment characteristics of rice varieties planted in Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. 15 local main rice varieties were used as the experimental materials, and pot experiments and field experiments of adding lead were adopted. The lead enrichment characteristics of rice were investigated, and the risk of rice quality safety was evaluated. The results showed that the lead content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.016-0.061 mg/kg, 0.061-0.198 mg/kg and 0.157-0.606 mg/kg, respectively, when the total lead content of pot experiment was 22.4 mg/kg, 103.5 mg/kg and 204.8 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). When the total lead content of the field experiment was 23.4 mg/kg, 26.4 mg/kg and 23.5 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5), the variation scope of lead content of the 15 rice varieties was 0.016-0.056 mg/kg, 0.024-0.069 mg/kg and 0.014-0.056 mg/kg, respectively. The lead content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total lead content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of lead among different rice varieties (P<0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 0.059%-0.296% and 0.060%-0.261%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 4 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 6 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 5 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of lead in rice in GB 2762-2017(0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of cadmium was 204.1-274.7 mg/kg, 113.5 -180.0 mg/kg and 82.7-107.1 mg/kg, respectively, in paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). Overall, the lead enrichment characteristics of the 15 main rice varieties in Zhangzhou are significantly different. Planting in paddy fields where the total lead content is above the critical risk value, the lead content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

Key words: rice variety, rice, lead, enrichment characteristics, quality safety, risk assessment

林芗华. 不同水稻品种稻谷对土壤中铅的积累特性及其安全风险评估[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(12): 39-45.

LIN Xianghua. Lead Enrichment Characteristics in Soil of Different Rice Varieties and the Safety Risk Evaluation[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(12): 39-45.

图/表 7

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pH	重金属含量/(mg/kg)					有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
pH	铅	镉	铬	砷	汞	有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
5.94	22.4	0.057	3.22	2.47	0.322	19.3	1.03	143.7	300

pH	重金属含量/(mg/kg)					有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
pH	铅	镉	铬	砷	汞	有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg)	有效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)
5.94	22.4	0.057	3.22	2.47	0.322	19.3	1.03	143.7	300

测定项目	盆栽试验			大田试验
测定项目	Pot Ⅰ	Pot Ⅱ	Pot Ⅲ	Field Ⅰ	FieldⅡ	Field Ⅲ
pH	5.89	5.58	5.77	5.96	5.90	6.16
铅全量/(mg/kg)	22.4	103.5	204.8	23.4	26.4	23.5

测定项目	盆栽试验			大田试验
测定项目	Pot Ⅰ	Pot Ⅱ	Pot Ⅲ	Field Ⅰ	FieldⅡ	Field Ⅲ
pH	5.89	5.58	5.77	5.96	5.90	6.16
铅全量/(mg/kg)	22.4	103.5	204.8	23.4	26.4	23.5

水稻品种	盆栽试验			大田试验
水稻品种	PotⅠ	PotⅡ	Pot Ⅲ	FieldⅠ	FieldⅡ	Field Ⅲ
R01	0.016	0.061	0.152	0.020	0.024	0.014
R02	0.026	0.19	0.356	0.027	0.029	0.021
R03	0.021	0.113	0.177	0.023	0.037	0.027
R04	0.030	0.085	0.241	0.022	0.030	0.025
R05	0.017	0.075	0.157	0.016	0.025	0.022
R06	0.043	0.177	0.242	0.043	0.052	0.041
R07	0.051	0.157	0.468	0.056	0.057	0.057
R08	0.061	0.189	0.513	0.054	0.069	0.056
R09	0.023	0.151	0.184	0.021	0.024	0.018
R10	0.051	0.198	0.606	0.053	0.069	0.043
R11	0.044	0.187	0.386	0.051	0.047	0.044
R12	0.026	0.113	0.252	0.032	0.042	0.030
R13	0.046	0.120	0.174	0.037	0.048	0.038
R14	0.036	0.187	0.352	0.044	0.056	0.041
R15	0.038	0.158	0.288	0.042	0.055	0.047
含量范围	0.016~0.061	0.061~0.198	0.152~0.606	0.016~0.056	0.024~0.069	0.014~0.056
极差	0.045	0.229	0.454	0.040	0.045	0.042
标准差SD	0.0143	0.0588	0.150	0.0140	0.0156	0.0130
变异系数/%	39.6	38.9	47.9	38.8	35.3	37.7