枣飞象对不同枣树品种挥发物的嗅觉行为反应

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确刚刚羽化枣飞象(Pachyrhinus yasumatsui)成虫对不同枣树品种的偏好性，旨在为阐明枣飞象寄主定向的化学通讯机制和筛选抗性枣树品种提供基础数据。以5种枣树的枣芽、枣枝以及枣叶为植物材料，采用Y型管嗅觉仪和圆盘陷阱嗅觉仪测定枣飞象成虫对上述植物材料挥发物的嗅觉行为反应。Y型管嗅觉试验结果表明，在以空气为对照的条件下，枣飞象成虫对5种枣芽挥发物的选择率为69.0%~79.2%，5种枣芽挥发物对枣飞象成虫均有显著吸引作用(P<0.05)，‘木枣'芽挥发物对成虫有极显著吸引作用(P<0.01)。枣飞象成虫选择5种枣叶味源臂的数量与空气对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。枣飞象成虫对5种枣枝挥发物的选择率为66.7%~75.0%，‘木枣'、‘酸枣'、‘狗头枣'和‘骏枣'的枣枝挥发物对成虫均有显著吸引作用(P<0.05)。圆盘陷阱嗅觉试验结果表明，枣飞象成虫对不同品种枣树芽和枣枝挥发物存在明显的选择性，枣飞象成虫对‘木枣'芽和枝的选择率均显著高于空气对照(P<0.05)，雌虫对‘赞皇枣'和‘骏枣'芽和枝的选择率均和空气对照相差不大。综上，‘木枣'芽和枝条挥发物对枣飞象成虫吸引作用最强，‘木枣'对枣飞象的抗性最弱，‘赞皇枣'和‘骏枣'对枣飞象的抗性较强。

关键词: 枣飞象, 枣树, 品种, 挥发物, 行为反应

Abstract:

This study clarifies the preference of newly emerged Pachyrhinus yasumatsui adults for different jujube cultivars, and provides basic data for elucidating the chemical communication mechanism of host orientation and screening resistant varieties of jujube trees. In this experiment, using jujube buds, branches, and leaves of five jujube varieties as plant materials, the olfactory behavioral responses of P. yasumatsui adults to the volatiles of the above plant materials were measured by a Y-tube olfactometer and a disc trap olfactometer. The results of Y-tube olfactory test showed that with the clean air as control, the selection rate of five jujube bud volatiles by P. yasumatsui adults was 69.0%-79.2%. The volatiles from five jujube buds had significant attraction to P. yasumatsui adults (P<0.05), while volatiles from ‘Muzao' buds had extremely significant attraction to adults (P<0.01). The number of odor arms of the five jujube leaves selected by adults was not significantly different from that of the air control arm (P>0.05). The selection rate of volatiles emanating from five jujube branches by P. yasumatsui adults was 66.7%-75.0%, and volatiles from jujube branches of ‘Muzao', ‘Goutouzao', ‘Suanzao' and ‘Junzao' had significant attraction to adults (P<0.05). The results of disk trap olfactory test showed that P. yasumatsui adults had obvious selectivity for volatiles from buds and branches of different jujube cultivars. The selection rate of P. yasumatsui adult for buds and branches of ‘Muzao' was significantly higher than that of air control (P<0.05). The selection rate of female adult to the buds and branches of ‘Zanhuangzao' and ‘Junzao' was not significantly different from that of air control. In conclusion, the volatiles from buds and branches of ‘Muzao' have the strongest attraction to P. yasumatsui. ‘Muzao' has the weakest resistance to P. yasumatsui, while ‘Zanhuangzao' and ‘Junzao' have stronger resistance to them.

Key words: Pachyrhinus yasumatsui, Ziziphus jujuba, variety, volatiles, behavior response

张鹏, 杨杰, 阎雄飞, 马信兴, 张权, 史慧芳. 枣飞象对不同枣树品种挥发物的嗅觉行为反应[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(8): 63-68.

ZHANG Peng, YANG Jie, YAN Xiongfei, MA Xinxing, ZHANG Quan, SHI Huifang. Olfactory Behavioral Responses of Pachyrhinus yasumatsui to Volatiles of Different Varieties of Jujube Trees[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(8): 63-68.

图/表 5

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枣树品种	性别	成虫数量/头		选择率/%	卡方检验	P
枣树品种	性别	味源臂	对照臂	选择率/%	卡方检验	P
木枣	雌虫	19	5	79.2	8.17^**	0.004
木枣	雄虫	21	7	75.0	7.00^**	0.008
狗头枣	雌虫	20	7	74.1	6.26^*	0.012
狗头枣	雄虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034
赞皇枣	雌虫	20	9	69.0	4.17^*	0.041
赞皇枣	雄虫	18	7	72.0	4.84^*	0.027
骏枣	雌虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034
骏枣	雄虫	21	8	72.4	5.83^*	0.016
酸枣	雌虫	17	6	73.9	5.26^*	0.022
酸枣	雄虫	18	8	69.2	3.85^*	0.049

枣树品种	性别	成虫数量/头		选择率/%	卡方检验	P
枣树品种	性别	味源臂	对照臂	选择率/%	卡方检验	P
木枣	雌虫	19	5	79.2	8.17^**	0.004
木枣	雄虫	21	7	75.0	7.00^**	0.008
狗头枣	雌虫	20	7	74.1	6.26^*	0.012
狗头枣	雄虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034
赞皇枣	雌虫	20	9	69.0	4.17^*	0.041
赞皇枣	雄虫	18	7	72.0	4.84^*	0.027
骏枣	雌虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034
骏枣	雄虫	21	8	72.4	5.83^*	0.016
酸枣	雌虫	17	6	73.9	5.26^*	0.022
酸枣	雄虫	18	8	69.2	3.85^*	0.049

枣树品种	性别	成虫数量/头		选择率/%	卡方检验	P
枣树品种	性别	味源臂	对照臂	选择率/%	卡方检验	P
木枣	雌虫	17	8	68.0	3.24^NS	0.072
木枣	雄虫	15	9	62.5	1.50^NS	0.221
狗头枣	雌虫	14	9	60.9	1.09^NS	0.297
狗头枣	雄虫	13	11	54.2	0.17^NS	0.683
赞皇枣	雌虫	15	12	55.6	0.33^NS	0.564
赞皇枣	雄虫	12	11	52.2	0.04^NS	0.835
骏枣	雌虫	13	8	61.9	1.19^NS	0.275
骏枣	雄虫	14	11	56.0	0.36^NS	0.549
酸枣	雌虫	13	7	65.0	1.83^NS	0.180
酸枣	雄虫	15	10	60.0	1.00^NS	0.317

枣树品种	性别	成虫数量/头		选择率/%	卡方检验	P
枣树品种	性别	味源臂	对照臂	选择率/%	卡方检验	P
木枣	雌虫	17	8	68.0	3.24^NS	0.072
木枣	雄虫	15	9	62.5	1.50^NS	0.221
狗头枣	雌虫	14	9	60.9	1.09^NS	0.297
狗头枣	雄虫	13	11	54.2	0.17^NS	0.683
赞皇枣	雌虫	15	12	55.6	0.33^NS	0.564
赞皇枣	雄虫	12	11	52.2	0.04^NS	0.835
骏枣	雌虫	13	8	61.9	1.19^NS	0.275
骏枣	雄虫	14	11	56.0	0.36^NS	0.549
酸枣	雌虫	13	7	65.0	1.83^NS	0.180
酸枣	雄虫	15	10	60.0	1.00^NS	0.317

枣树品种	性别	成虫数量/头		选择率/%	卡方检验	P
枣树品种	性别	味源臂	对照臂	选择率/%	卡方检验	P
木枣	雌虫	18	6	75.0	6.00^*	0.014
木枣	雄虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034
狗头枣	雌虫	20	7	74.1	6.26^*	0.012
狗头枣	雄虫	18	7	72.0	4.84^*	0.028
赞皇枣	雌虫	17	8	68.0	3.24^NS	0.072
赞皇枣	雄虫	18	9	66.7	3.00^NS	0.083
骏枣	雌虫	16	6	72.7	4.55^*	0.033
骏枣	雄虫	18	8	69.2	3.85^*	0.049
酸枣	雌虫	17	7	70.8	4.17^*	0.041
酸枣	雄虫	19	8	70.4	4.48^*	0.034