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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 17-24.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0062

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

冷凉灌区马铃薯施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

王平1(), 谢成俊1(), 孙振荣1, 陈娟2, 王镭1, 彭文静1   

  1. 1 兰州市农业科技研究推广中心，兰州 730010
    2 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所，兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-24 修回日期:2022-07-19 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 谢成俊，男，1968年出生，甘肃永登人，硕士，推广研究员，主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址：730000 兰州市城关区雁宁路256号，Tel：0931-8774901，E-mail：114557337@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    王平，男，1979年出生，甘肃定西人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事作物栽培与技术研发工作。通信地址：730000 兰州市城关区雁宁路256号，Tel：0931-8584981，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    兰州市科技局计划项目“寒旱区农作物高效栽培及农业节水技术研究与开发”(2020-ZD-142); 兰州市重点人才项目“寒旱区马铃薯新品种引进筛选及提质增效技术研究与应用”(2021-RC-87)

Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Amount on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Cool Irrigation Area

WANG Ping1(), XIE Chengjun1(), SUN Zhenrong1, CHEN Juan2, WANG Lei1, PENG Wenjing1   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Agriculture Science and Technology Research and Extension Center, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
    2 Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-05-24 Revised:2022-07-19 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-15

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摘要：

为了明确不同施肥量（复合肥）和种植密度对冷凉灌区马铃薯生长的影响。试验以‘冀张薯12号’为供试品种，开展施肥量与种植密度二因素试验，设3个施肥量（600、1100、1600 kg/hm2）与4个种植密度（5.25万、6万、6.75万、7.5万株/hm2），研究不同施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：增加施肥量能延缓马铃薯生育期，提高种植密度能缩短生育期；随施肥量增大，马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值均显著增大；随种植密度增加，马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值与产量均表现为先增后减趋势，施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯株高、SPAD值与产量的影响顺序为施肥量>密度；随施肥量和群体种植密度的增加，马铃薯大薯产量、大薯数、产量、水分利用效率均呈先增后减的变化趋势，产量要素之间呈极显著正相关关系，其中，以处理F2D3的马铃薯产量与水分利用效率最大。通过二元二次回归分析表明，当施肥量达到1065.366 kg/hm2，种植密度达到6.746万株/hm2时，马铃薯能够获得最大的产量50255.98 kg/hm2。施肥量达到1044.312 kg/hm2，种植密度6.582万株/hm2时水分利用效率达到最大110.456 kg/(hm2·mm)。适宜的施肥量与种植密度能够促进马铃薯生长，有利于马铃薯产量与水分利用效率的提高，当施肥量（复合肥）介于1044.312~1065.366 kg/hm2时，种植密度介于6.582万~6.746万株/hm2时能实现增产和水分利用协同增加，是冷凉地区马铃薯种植推荐的高产高效模式。

关键词: 冷凉灌区, 马铃薯, 施肥量, 种植密度, 农艺性状, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization rates (compound fertilizer) and planting densities on potato growth in cold irrigation area, the growth, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of potato cultivar ‘Jizhangshu 12’ were studied by randomized block experiment. The study set up different densities (52500 plants/hm2, 60000 plants/hm2, 67500 plants/hm2 and 75000 plants/hm2) and different fertilizer application rates (600 kg/hm2, 1100 kg/hm2 and 1600 kg/hm2). The results showed that the growth period of potato was prolonged by increasing fertilizer application rate and shortened by increasing of planting density. The plant height, stem, diameter, leaf area index, and leaf SPAD value of potato were increased by increasing fertilizer application rate. With the increase of planting density, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato all increased first and then decreased. The effect order of fertilization amount and planting density on plant height, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato was fertilization amount>planting density. With the increase of the planting density and fertilization rate, the large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number, yield, and WUE of potato also showed a first increase and then decrease trend, the yield of potato was significantly and positively correlated with large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number and WUE. The highest potato yield and WUE were found under the F2D3 treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the highest yield of 50255.98 kg/hm2 could be obtained under the combination of 1065.366 kg/hm2 fertilization rate and 67460.00 plants/hm2 planting density. The highest WUE of 110.456 kg/(hm2·mm) could be obtained under the combination of 1044.312 kg/hm2 fertilization rate and 65820.00 plants/hm2 planting density. The appropriate fertilization amount and planting density could increase the yield and WUE of potato, fertilization rate of 1044.312-1065.366 kg/hm2 and planting density of 65820-67460 plants/hm2 could achieve the synergistic increase of yield and water use efficiency. The model can be recommended as the high-yield and high-efficiency one for potato planting in cold and cool areas.

Key words: cool irrigation area, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), fertilization amount, planting density, agronomic traits, yield, water use efficiency