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农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (8): 11-17.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0128

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同播期对小麦‘泰科麦31'干物质积累转运及产量的影响

崔兆韵1,2(), 邹俊丽3, 徐祎3, 尹逊栋4, 吕广德4()   

  1. 1 山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,济南 250031
    2 泰安市生态与农业气象中心,山东泰安 271000
    3 泰安农业气象试验站,山东泰安271000
    4 泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安271000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-16
  • 通讯作者: 吕广德,男,1987年出生,山东滨州人,农艺师,研究生,主要从事小麦遗传育种与栽培生理。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王大街316号,Tel:0538-8503322,E-mail:2007guangd@163.com
  • 作者简介:

    崔兆韵,女,1974年出生,山东新泰人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事农业气象信息应用研究。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市唐王街307号,Tel:0538-8510715,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局减灾司“农业气象试验站农作物区域联合试验”(气减函[2019]5号); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系“山东省小麦现代农业产业技术体系岗位专家”(SDAIT-01-04); 山东省气象局“十三五”重大气象工程项目“山东现代农业气象服务保障工程”(鲁发改农经[2017]97号); 泰安市气象局“不同播期对冬小麦籽粒品质的影响研究”(TD2022-11); 山东省气象局引导类项目“基于机器学习的冬小麦面积提取方法研究”(2021SDYD33)

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport and Yield of Wheat ‘Taikemai 31'

CUI Zhaoyun1,2(), ZOU Junli3, XU Yi3, YIN Xundong4, LV Guangde4()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
    2 Tai'an Ecological and Agrometeorological Center, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
    3 Tai'an Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
    4 Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-09-01 Revised:2023-01-30 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-16

摘要:

为明确不同播期对小麦新品种‘泰科麦31'干物质积累转运、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量结构的影响,于2019—2021年小麦生长季进行‘泰科麦31'不同播期试验。设置9月30日、10月10日、10月20日和10月30日4个播期,依次记作SD1、SD2、SD3和SD4,测定不同播期下‘泰科麦31'不同生育期的干物质积累量、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量结构。系统分析了‘泰科麦31'不同播量对其干物质积累转运、叶面积指数、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的影响。结果表明:SD2处理下‘泰科麦31'整个生育期干物质积累量最高,其中拔节到开花阶段和开花到成熟阶段的干物质积累量均在SD2处理下最高;花后干物质积累对籽粒的贡献率的变化趋势为SD2>SD1>SD3>SD4;在越冬期和返青期,播期对‘泰科麦31'叶面积指数的影响的趋势为SD1>SD2>SD3>SD4,但在返青期之后,叶面积指数为SD2>SD3>SD1>SD4;15~25 d是‘泰科麦31'籽粒灌浆的快增期,在25 d时籽粒灌浆速率达到最高,25~30 d是‘泰科麦31'籽粒灌浆的缓增期,SD4的籽粒灌浆的增长要明显高于其他播期;SD2处理下‘泰科麦31'产量最高,相关性分析可知,SD2产量最高的原因得益于SD2处理下的穗数最高。

关键词: 小麦, 播期, ‘泰科麦31’, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different sowing dates on dry matter accumulation and transport, leaf area index (LAI), grain filling rate and yield structure of a new wheat variety ‘Taikemai 31', experiments with different sowing dates were conducted in the wheat growing season from 2019 to 2021. The dry matter accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), grain filling rate and yield structure of ‘Taikemai 31' at different growth stages were measured under different sowing dates (September 30, October10, October 20 and October 30), which were denoted as SD1, SD2, SD3 and SD4. The results showed that, under SD2 treatment, ‘Taikemai 31' had the highest dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period, and the highest dry matter accumulation from jointing to flowering and from flowering to maturity; the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grains was SD2>SD1>SD3>SD4. In the overwintering stage and returning to green stage, the effect of sowing date on leaf area index of ‘Taikemai 31' was SD1>SD2>SD3>SD4, but after returning to green stage, the effect on leaf area index was SD2>SD3>SD1>SD4. The grain filling rate of the variety increased rapidly during the 15th-25th day at grain filling stage, and reached the highest on the 25th day. The grain filling rate increased slowly during the 25th-30th day, and the grain filling growth under SD4 treatment was significantly higher than that under other sowing dates. The yield of ‘Taikemai 31' was the highest under SD2 treatment, and the correlation analysis showed that the highest spike number was conducive to the highest yield under SD2.

Key words: wheat, sowing date, ‘Taikemai 31’, dry matter, yield