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农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (12): 62-69.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0247

• 畜牧 兽医 水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同养殖期小龙虾品质评价与气象条件影响分析

黄永平1(), 方明丹2, 刘凯文3, 刘志雄3, 杨青青1   

  1. 1 荆州农业气象试验站,湖北荆州 434000
    2 长江大学文理学院,湖北荆州 434000
    3 武汉区域气候中心,武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-12 修回日期:2024-02-15 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-20
  • 作者简介:

    黄永平,男,1969年出生,湖北仙桃人,高级工程师,本科,主要研究方向:生态与农业气象研究。Tel:0716-8080863,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省气象局重点基金项目“湖北省主要水产品气象灾害预警预报关键技术研究”(2022Z03)

Quality Evaluation and Influence Analysis of Meteorological Conditions of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) at Different Cultivation Stages

HUANG Yongping1(), FANG Mingdan2, LIU Kaiwen3, LIU Zhixiong3, YANG Qingqing1   

  1. 1 Jingzhou Agrometeorological Experimental Station, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
    2 College of Arts and Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
    3 Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-11-12 Revised:2024-02-15 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-20

摘要:

通过4—10月小龙虾不同养殖期的对比试验,对25~30 g小龙虾虾肉常规营养成分、质构特性、氨基酸组成与含量等34种品质因子进行分析比较。结果表明:不同养殖期小龙虾有32种品质因子差异性显著(P<0.05,下同)。常规营养成分、质构特性大致呈先增大后减小趋势,6—8月虾显著高于其他月份;氨基酸总量(TAA)16.57%~19.72%,以4月虾最高,7月虾次之,10月虾最低,整体呈下降趋势;必需氨基酸(EAA)与TAA比32.63%~36.58%、EAA与非必需氨基酸(NEAA)比59.67%~73.51%,以9—10月虾最高,呈上升趋势;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)68.34~90.14,以4月虾最高,8月虾最低,呈下降趋势。对32种品质因子与养殖期气象因子进行相关分析,结果表明:23种品质因子与养殖期气象因子显著相关,其中与阴天数、日照时数、温度适宜指数显著相关的品质因子最多,且与阴天数大多呈正相关,与日照时数大多呈负相关,与温度适宜指数均呈正相关;与常规营养成分相关的温度适宜指数的最适温度为22℃,质构特性为24~26℃,氨基酸为20℃。因此适宜的温度下,适当的遮阴挡阳有利于提高小龙虾品质。分析不同时段的气象因子与品质因子的相关性,结果表明:养殖前期是气象因子对常规营养成分和氨基酸的关键影响期,养殖中后期是气象因子对质构特性的关键影响期。

关键词: 小龙虾, 营养成分, 气象条件, 评价, 质构特性, 氨基酸, 气象因子, 相关性分析

Abstract:

Through comparative experiments in different breeding periods of crayfish from April to October, 34 quality factors such as conventional nutritional components, texture properties, amino acid composition and content of 25-30 g crayfish meat were analyzed and compared. The results showed that 32 quality factors of crayfish in different breeding periods were significantly different (P<0.05, the same below). The conventional nutritional components and texture properties of crayfish increased first and then decreased, and those of shrimp from June to August were significantly higher than those in other months. The total amino acid (TAA) was 16.57%-19.72%, the highest was in April, followed by July, and the lowest was in October, showing an overall downward trend. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 32.63%-36.58%, and the ratio of EAA to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 59.67%-73.51%, which was the highest in shrimp from September to October, showing an upward trend. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 68.34-90.14, with the highest in April and the lowest in August, showing a downward trend. The correlation analysis between 32 quality factors and meteorological factors in breeding period showed that 23 quality factors were significantly correlated with meteorological factors in breeding period, among which the most quality factors were significantly correlated with the number of cloudy days, sunshine hours and temperature suitability index. They were mostly positively correlated with the number of cloudy days, mostly negatively correlated with the number of sunshine hours, and positively correlated with the temperature suitability index. The optimum temperature of the temperature suitability index related to the conventional nutrients were 22℃, the texture properties were 24-26℃, and the amino acids were 20℃. Therefore, under the appropriate temperature, the appropriate shade was conducive to improving the quality of crayfish. Analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and quality factors in different periods, the results showed that the early stage of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on conventional nutrients and amino acids, and the middle and late stages of breeding was the critical impact period of meteorological factors on texture properties.

Key words: Procambarus clarkii (crayfish), nutrients, meteorological conditions, appraise, texture characteristics, amino acids, meteorological factors, correlation analysis