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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7): 28-35.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0085

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

杜鹃花属植物种子形态及在赤霉素处理下的萌发特性

徐佳1(), 赵勇2(), 罗磊1, 赵进红1, 张倩1, 周光锋1   

  1. 1 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院，山东泰安 271000
    2 泰安市林业保护发展中心，山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者:
    赵勇，男，1972年出生，山东泰安人，高级工程师，主要从事经济林技术推广与管理工作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐佳，女，1994年出生，山东临邑人，工程师，硕士，研究方向：林木遗传育种。通信地址：271000 泰安市罗汉崖路1号 泰安市泰山林业科学研究院，Tel：0538-6215136，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“映山红等6种杜鹃精准育苗与种植技术示范推广”(鲁[2022]TG07号)

Seed Morphology of Rhododendron Species and Germination Characteristics Under Gibberellin Treatment

XU Jia1(), ZHAO Yong2(), LUO Lei1, ZHAO Jinhong1, ZHANG Qian1, ZHOU Guangfeng1   

  1. 1 Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an Shandong 271000
    2 Tai’an Forestry Protection and Development Center, Tai’an Shandong 271000
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2025-01-13 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-18

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摘要： 为探究杜鹃花属植物种子形态特征及萌发特性，利用体式显微镜(LIOO SZ745)对采集的8种杜鹃花属植物种子的形态结构进行观测，并探究赤霉素(GA3)浓度、GA3处理时间、清水浸种时间等对杜鹃花属植物种子萌发特性的影响，不同种源、不同杜鹃花属植物之间萌发特性的比较分析以及种子大小对植物萌发的影响。结果表明：（1）杜鹃花属植物种子呈纺锤形、椭圆形等形态，种子细小，照山白种子的纵径、纵径横径比极显著高于其他3种杜鹃花属植物种子的纵径、纵径横径比(P<0.01)，羊踯躅种子的横径极显著高于其他3种杜鹃花属种子的横径(P<0.01)。（2）照山白种子在GA3 0 mg/L、GA3处理4 h、清水浸种24 h时发芽率最高，映山红种子在GA3 100 mg/L、GA3处理12 h、清水浸种48 h时发芽率最高，迎红杜鹃种子在GA3 400 mg/L、GA3处理4 h、清水浸种时间24 h时发芽率最高，羊踯躅种子在GA3 0 mg/L、GA3处理4 h、清水浸种48 h时发芽率最高。（3）不同种源间杜鹃花属植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽时滞、发芽高峰期、发芽持续时间和发芽指数存在差异，映山红发芽率、发芽势最高，迎红杜鹃发芽时滞、发芽高峰期和发芽持续时间最长，羊踯躅发芽指数最大。（4）杜鹃花属植物种子纵径、横径、纵横比与发芽率、发芽势、发芽时滞、发芽高峰期、发芽持续时间和发芽指数均呈负相关。研究结果可为杜鹃花属植物的品种鉴定、引种繁殖提供理论依据。

关键词: 杜鹃花属, 种子形态, 萌发特性, 种源, 赤霉素, 正交试验

Abstract:

In order to explore the morphological characteristics and germination characteristics of Rhododendron species, the morphological structures of seeds from eight species were observed using a stereo microscope (LIOO SZ745). We also explored the impacts of gibberellin (GA3) concentration, GA3 treatment time, and soaking time in water on the germination traits of Rhododendron species. Additionally, we conducted a comparative analysis of germination traits among different species and provenances of Rhododendron species, as well as the impact of seed size on germination. The results showed that: (1) the seeds of the Rhododendronspecies were spindle-shaped, oval and small, the longitudinal and the aspect ratio of R. micranthum seeds was significantly higher than the other three Rhododendron seeds, the transverse diameter of the R. molle seeds was significantly higher than the other three Rhododendron seeds (P<0.01). (2) R. micranthum had the highest germination rate at GA3 0 mg/L, 4 h in the processing time, and the soaking time of 24 h; R. simsii seed was the highest in germination rate at GA3 100 mg/L, the processing time was 12 h, and the soaking time was 48 h; when the GA3 400 mg/L, the processing time was 4 h, the soaking time was 24 h, the germination rate of the R. mucronulatum was the highest; when the GA3 0 mg/L, the processing time was 4 h, the soaking time was 48 h, the germination rate of R. molle was the highest. (3) There were differences in germination rate, germination potential, germination lag, germination peak, germination duration and germination index of Rhododendron seeds among different provenances. R. simsii had the highest germination rate and germination potential, R. mucronulatum had the longest germination lag, germination peak and germination duration, and R. molle had the largest germination index. (4) The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and aspect ratio of Rhododendron seeds were negatively correlated with germination rate, germination potential, germination time lag, germination peak period, germination duration and germination index. This study can provide a theoretical basis for species identification and introduction and propagation of Rhododendron plants.

Key words: Rhododendron, seed morphology, germinating characteristics, provenance, gibberellin, orthogonal test