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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7): 23-27.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0229

• 土壤肥料 资源环境生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同密度条件下施氮量对夏玉米产量的影响

孟战赢(), 王育红, 郭党, 田文仲, 李俊红, 李芳, 吕军杰   

  1. 洛阳市农林科学院,河南洛阳 471023
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 作者简介:

    孟战赢,男,1982年出生,河南新郑人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米高产栽培技术研究。通信地址:471023 河南省洛阳市洛龙区农科路1号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设专项“洛阳综合试验站”(CARS-02-69)

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Summer Maize Yield Under Different Densities

MENG Zhanying(), WANG Yuhong, GUO Dang, TIAN Wenzhong, LI Junhong, LI Fang, LYU Junjie   

  1. Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Henan Province, Luoyang Henan 471023
  • Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-03-31 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-18

摘要: 为研究夏玉米种植密度和施氮量的互作效应,以主推品种‘登海605’(‘DH605’)和‘MY73’为供试品种,设置67500株/hm2 (D1)、82500株/hm2 (D2)2个密度和低氮210 kg/hm2 (N210)、高氮300 kg/hm2 (N300)2个施氮水平,测定分析不同密度和施氮量对夏玉米穗部性状、株高、叶面积、产量及产量构成的影响。结果显示:随着密度的增加,有效穗数增加,夏玉米平均产量增加18.0%,而穗粒数和行粒数显著降低;增加施氮量,可以增加穗粒数和百粒重,降低增密对玉米植株产量和穗部性状的不利影响,平均产量增加6.0%,穗粒数提高2.6%,单株叶面积增加6.4%;不同品种间有所差异,‘MY73’在高密度和高施氮量条件下有较高的产量、较好的穗部特征和叶面积。研究发现,增加种植密度后,玉米植株和群体竞争造成的不利影响可以通过适当增施氮肥来调节,通过密度和施氮量的互作效应,玉米品种‘DH605’和‘MY73’在密度增加至82500株/hm2,施氮量为300 kg/hm2较易获得高产。研究将为豫西地区夏玉米品质和产量协同提升提供一定的技术支持。

关键词: 密度, 施氮量, 产量, 夏玉米, 豫西地区

Abstract:

To clarify the interaction effects of planting density and N-fertilization rate of summer maize, the maize varieties ‘DH605’ and ‘MY73’ were used as experimental materials, 2 densities (67500 plants/hm2, 82500 plants/hm2 ) and 2 N-fertilization rate (210 kg/hm2, 300 kg/hm2) were set to analyze the effects of density and N-fertilization on summer maize yield. The results showed that as the density increased, the effective number of ears increased, and yield increased by 18.0%, while the number of grains per spike and the number of grains per row decreased significantly; increasing N-fertilization rate could reduce the adverse effects of densification on maize plant yield and ear traits. The yield increased by 6.0%, the kernels per ear increased by 2.6%, and the leaf area per plant increased by 6.4%. Density and N-fertilization rate mainly affected the kernels per ear. ‘MY73’ had higher yield, better ear characteristics and leaf area under high-density and high N-fertilization rate conditions. It was found that the adverse effects of maize plant and population competition after increasing planting density could be regulated by appropriate increase of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, when the planting density of the two varieties increased to 82500 plants/hm2, the N-fertilization rate of 300 kg/hm2 was more likely to achieve high yield. The study is expected to provide some technical support for the synergistic improvement of summer maize quality and yield in western Henan.

Key words: density, N-fertilization rate, yield, summer maize, western Henan