欢迎访问《农学学报》,

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (12): 64-69.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0152

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果树营养元素含量年变化及配方施肥研究进展

赵晓龙1(), 俄胜哲1,2(), 袁金华2, 李颖1, 路港滨1, 张鹏1, 刘雅娜1   

  1. 1 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24 修回日期:2024-11-19 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-16
  • 通讯作者:
    俄胜哲,男,1978年出生,甘肃庆城人,副研究员,博士,主要从事植物营养与土壤生态研究。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区农科院新村 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵晓龙,男,1999年出生,甘肃环县人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事土壤缓释肥料研究。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区营门村1号 甘肃农业大学,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    兰州市人才创新创业项目“果树优生区关键施肥期专用缓释肥研究”(2121-RC-63)

Research Progress on Annual Changes of Nutrient Element Contents and Formulated Fertilization of Apple Trees

ZHAO Xiaolong1(), E Shengzhe1,2(), YUAN Jinhua2, LI Ying1, LU Gangbin1, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Yana1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2024-07-24 Revised:2024-11-19 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-16

摘要:

减少化肥用量、提高肥料利用率是解决苹果园施肥问题的关键,通过总结分析苹果树对营养元素的分配和利用特点,不同生育期苹果树根部、枝条、叶片和果实等部位的营养元素含量变化规律,以及现有苹果树施肥技术等,明确了在不同生育期内,苹果树不同部位对不同营养元素的需求范围以及苹果树配方施肥的技术依据。提出了以下建议:将果树不同部位的养分含量和比例与肥料配方研制相结合,研发更适合苹果树的专用配方肥料;通过不同生育期之间营养元素的变化量确定施肥时期和施肥量,将营养元素供应与果树吸收需求相匹配,使用更高效的施肥技术,如缓控释配方肥、输液施肥和叶面喷施,做到合理精确施用肥料,减少肥料损失,提高果实品质和产量及肥料的利用效率。

关键词: 苹果树, 营养元素, 年周期变化, 配方施肥技术, 研究进展

Abstract:

By analyzing the distribution and utilization characteristics of nutrient elements in apple trees, the variation of nutrient content in roots, branches, leaves and fruits of apple trees at different growth stages and the existing fertilization technology of apple trees, the demand range of different nutrient elements in different parts of apple trees at different growth stages and the technical basis of formula fertilization of apple trees were clarified in this study. It was suggested that the nutrient content and proportion of different parts of fruit trees should be combined with the development of fertilizer formula to develop special formula fertilizer more suitable for apple trees, and more efficient fertilization technology should be used to apply fertilizer reasonably and accurately, reduce fertilizer loss, and improve fruit quality and yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Key words: apple tree, nutrient element, annual cycle change, formula fertilization technology, research progress