欢迎访问《农学学报》,

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7): 44-50.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0008

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于生产实践的云南省蓝莓栽培基质特性研究

苏泽春(), 杨燕林, 和志娇, 毕海林, 木永青, 和建平, 和加卫()   

  1. 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所,云南丽江 674100
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者:
    和加卫,男,1973年出生,云南丽江人,研究员,硕士,主要从事高山经济植物栽培及种质资源评价。通信地址:674199 云南省丽江市古城区高山经济植物研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    苏泽春,男,1977年出生,云南鹤庆人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事高山经济植物栽培技术研究。通信地址:674199 云南省丽江市古城区高山经济植物研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业厅“云南省省级高山经济作物种质资源圃”(云财农[2023]29号); 云南省重大科技专项“蓝莓优异性状评价与新品种选育”(202302AE090005); 丽江市后备人才培养计划(2021rc04); 丽江市后备人才培养计划(2022HBRC01); 丽江市后备人才培养计划(2023HBRC01); 云南省科技厅创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所苏泽春科技特派员”(202404BK090271)

Study on Characteristics of Blueberry Cultivation Substrates in Yunnan Province Based on Production Practice

SU Zechun(), YANG Yanlin, HE Zhijiao, BI Hailin, MU Yongqing, HE Jianping, HE Jiawei()   

  1. Alpine Economic Plant Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lijiang Yunnan 674100
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-18

摘要: 为优化和改进云南省蓝莓基质栽培,选取云南省内12个种植品种相同且树龄一致的蓝莓基质栽培基地,在盛果期采集基质样品,测定其容重、EC值、pH、通气孔隙度、持水能力、气水比、≤1 mm粒径重、>1 mm粒径重、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量等指标,并运用隶属函数综合分析法对所测数据进行评价。结果显示,不同基地的基质在各项指标上存在极显著差异。依据隶属度从大到小排序,结果为:砚山>兰坪>蒙自>石林>玉龙>澄江>景东>弥勒>建水2>建水1>麒麟>丘北。其中,砚山基地的综合得分最高,其基质配比为椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=2:1:1;兰坪基地次之,基质配比为椰糠:草炭:珍珠岩=4:3:3;蒙自基地排第3位,基质配比是椰糠:椰块:珍珠岩=2:1:2。研究分析发现,草炭的加入有助于提升基质性能,但当前市面上的优质草炭相对较少。鉴于此,在生产中,建议优先将椰糠作为基质的主要成分,并适当添加珍珠岩以改善基质的物理性质。同时,不同地区可根据实际情况对基质配方进行调整,以达到最佳栽培效果。

关键词: 基质特性, 基质配方, 生产实践, 隶属函数, 养分管理, 蓝莓, 综合分析

Abstract:

This study aims to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the optimization and improvement of blueberry substrate cultivation in Yunnan Province. 12 blueberry substrate cultivation bases with the same planting variety and tree age in Yunnan Province were selected. Substrate samples were collected during the full fruit period, and indicators such as bulk density, EC value, pH, air porosity, water holding capacity, steam-water ratio, ≤1 mm weight, >1 mm weight, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were measured and evaluated using the membership function comprehensive analysis method. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in various indicators of the substrates in different bases. The order of membership degree from large to small was Yanshan> Lanping> Mengzi> Shilin> Yulong> Chengjiang> Jingdong> Mile> Jianshui 2> Jianshui 1> Qilin> Qiubei. The Yanshan base had the highest comprehensive score, and its substrate ratio was coconut husk: peat: perlite= 2:1:1; the Lanping base was second, with a substrate ratio of coconut husk: peat: perlite= 4:3:3; the Mengzi base ranked third, with a substrate ratio of coconut husk: coconut block: perlite= 2:1:2. The research analysis found that the addition of peat improved the substrate performance, but there is relatively less high-quality peat on the market. It is recommended to prioritize coconut husk as the main component of the substrate in production and appropriately add perlite to improve the physical properties of the substrate. The substrate formula can be adjusted according to the actual situation to achieve the best cultivation effect.

Key words: substrate characteristics, substrate formula, production practice, membership function, nutrient management, blueberry, comprehensive analysis