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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 19-23.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0283

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

减量施肥对富磷钾菜地蔬菜产量与土壤养分的影响

楼玲1(), 袁杭杰2, 王京文2(), 王忠3(), 章明奎4   

  1. 1 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站，杭州 310023
    2 杭州市农业技术推广中心，杭州 310020
    3 杭州市临平区农业技术推广中心，杭州 311100
    4 浙江大学环境与资源学院，杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-26 修回日期:2024-06-16 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-18
  • 通讯作者:
    王京文，女，1974年出生，山东淄博人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事土肥技术研究与推广。通信地址：310020 浙江省杭州市杭海路768号杭州农业大楼，Tel：0571-86781290，E-mail：；
    王忠，男，1981年出生，宁夏固原人，高级农艺师，主要从事土肥技术研究与推广。通信地址：311100 浙江省杭州市临平区临平街道超峰东路6号，Tel：0571-89163156，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    楼玲，女，1986年出生，浙江宁波人，农艺师，本科，主要从事土壤肥料技术推广。通信地址：310023 浙江省杭州市余杭区文一西路1500号4号楼 杭州市余杭区农业农村局，Tel：0571-88728788，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目“蔬菜连作障碍治理技术研究与示范”(202209SX15)

Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Vegetable Yield and Soil Nutrients in Phosphorus and Potassium-Rich Vegetable Land

LOU Ling1(), YUAN Hangjie2, WANG Jingwen2(), WANG Zhong3(), ZHANG Mingkui4   

  1. 1 Service Station of Eco-agriculture and Plant Protection in Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023
    2 Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310020
    3 Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Linping District, Hangzhou 311100
    4 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2023-12-26 Revised:2024-06-16 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-18

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摘要：

本研究旨在菜地土壤磷、钾富集条件下，评估磷、钾肥料减施的效果。选择土壤有效磷378 mg/kg和速效钾614 mg/kg的菜地，开展连续3茬蔬菜的9个不同氮、磷、钾减施处理的小区试验。结果表明，减少氮、磷、钾肥用量可降低蔬菜中对应养分元素含量，减少磷、钾肥的投入可有效降低土壤有效磷和速效钾水平；不施用或少施磷、钾肥对蔬菜产量影响不明显，但不施氮肥可显著降低蔬菜的产量；有机肥替代磷钾肥处理的蔬菜产量高于常规施肥；氮是限制蔬菜生长的主要营养元素，短期不施或少施磷、钾肥，在保持产量不下降的同时可有效减少土壤中磷、钾的积累，降低磷的流失风险。

关键词: 设施蔬菜, 磷钾富集, 蔬菜产量, 土壤养分, 减量施肥, 有机肥, 养分管理

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of phosphorus and potassium reduction in vegetable fields rich in phosphorus and potassium, the plots with 378 mg/kg available P and 614 mg/kg available K were selected to carry out nine different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reduction treatments for three consecutive crops. The results showed that reducing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could reduce the contents of the corresponding nutrient elements in vegetables. Reducing the input of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could effectively reduce the levels of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. No or less application of phosphorus and potassium had no obvious effect on vegetable yield, but no application of nitrogen could significantly reduce vegetable yield. The vegetable yield of organic fertilizer replacing phosphate and potassium fertilizer was higher than that of conventional fertilization. Nitrogen was the main nutrient element that restricted the growth of vegetables. No or less application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the short term could effectively reduce the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in soil and reduce the risk of phosphorus loss while keeping the yield from decreasing.

Key words: facility vegetables, enrichment of phosphorus and potassium, vegetable production, soil nutrients, reduced fertilizer, organic fertilizer, nutrient management