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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 65-69.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0201

所属专题： 现代农业发展与乡村振兴； 农业气象

• 农业信息/农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020/2021年度咸阳冬季气象条件对农业生产的影响

刘帆1,2(), 高萌1(), 刘艳1,2, 吕阳1   

  1. 1咸阳市气象局,陕西咸阳 712000
    2陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安 712034
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-28 修回日期:2022-01-22 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 高萌 E-mail:liufan2nuist@126.com;280189595@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘帆,女,1988年出生,陕西高陵人,工程师,硕士,主要从事天气预报及服务。通信地址：712000 陕西省咸阳市秦都区中华西路咸阳市气象局,Tel：029-33315870,E-mail： liufan2nuist@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室青年基金项目“咸阳冷凉蔬菜种植气候适宜性指标”(2020Y-8);咸阳市2019年重点研发项目“咸阳马栏红苹果及高山冷凉蔬菜种植气象条件适宜性研究与应用”(2019K02-127)

The Impact of Meteorological Conditions on Agricultural Production of Xianyang in the Winter of 2020/2021

LIU Fan1,2(), GAO Meng1(), LIU Yan1,2, LV Yang1   

  1. 1Meteorological Bureau of Xianyang City, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
    2Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Meteorology for Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau, Xi’an 712034, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-11-28 Revised:2022-01-22 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: GAO Meng E-mail:liufan2nuist@126.com;280189595@qq.com

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摘要：

根据2020/2021年度冬季（12月—翌年2月）咸阳市12个国家气象站的观测资料,对比1959—2019年冬季的气候标准值,总结分析咸阳市2020/2021年度冬季的农业气象条件及其对主要农作物和设施农业的影响。结果表明：咸阳市2020/2021年度冬季气温偏高、北部负积温不足、降水偏多、日照偏少,期间阶段性出现了大范围低温寒潮、寡照等农业气象灾害,其中平均气温、日最高气温、日最大降水量突破或接近历史极值,总体上对农业生产的影响弊大于利;（1）气温偏高,有利于冬小麦增加分蘖,但小麦也得不到抗寒锻炼,易出现冻害;（2）北部负积温不足,使冬小麦和油菜对春季低温更敏感,也使果树休眠期推迟,降低苹果坐果率;（3）光照偏少,寡照日数多,大棚内温度低,大棚蔬菜生长受阻,出现生长减缓、落花落果,遇到寒潮天气时极易出现冻害,影响蔬菜产量和品质;（4）冬季低温寒潮天气有利于杀灭虫卵,减轻病虫害;（5）2月下旬的首场透墒雨,增加了土壤含水量,为春季农业生产奠定良好基础。

关键词: 2020/2021年度冬季, 气象条件, 农业生产, 咸阳

Abstract:

Based on the observation data of 12 national weather stations in Xianyang City in the winter of 2020/2021 (from December to February of the following year), and compared with the climatic standard values of winter from 1959 to 2019, the agrometeorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 in Xianyang and their impact on major crops and facility agriculture were analyzed. The results showed that the winter temperature in 2020/2021 was relatively high, the negative accumulated temperature in the north was insufficient, the precipitation was more, and the sunshine was less. During the winter, there were large-scale low-temperature cold waves, few sunshine and other agricultural meteorological disasters. The average temperature, the daily maximum temperature and the daily maximum precipitation broke through or were close to the historical extreme values. Generally speaking, the meteorological conditions in the winter of 2020/2021 had more harm than good to agricultural production. (1) The high temperature was conducive to the increase of tillering of winter wheat, but the wheat could not get cold hardening and was prone to freezing damage. (2) The lack of negative accumulated temperature in the north made winter wheat and rapeseed be more sensitive to the low temperature in spring, delayed the dormancy period of fruit trees and reduced the fruit setting rate of apple trees. (3) Less sunlight and more cloudy and overcast days caused low temperature in greenhouses and slowed the growth of greenhouse vegetables which had falling flowers and fruits. In cold wave weather, freezing injury could easily affect the yield and quality of vegetables. (4) At the same time, cold wave weather in winter was beneficial to killing insect eggs and reducing pests and diseases. (5) The first through-moisture rain in late February increased soil moisture and laid a good foundation for agricultural production in spring.

Key words: the winter of 2020/2021, meteorological conditions, agricultural production, Xianyang

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