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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 35-43.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0156

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕北风沙草滩区沙地蛋白桑最优氮、磷、钾配比的筛选

柴乖强1,2(), 马曙皓阳1, 李琳1, 段义忠1,2(), 霍彦波1,2, 亢福仁1,2   

  1. 1榆林学院生命科学学院，陕西榆林 719000
    2陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室，陕西榆林 719000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2023-01-11 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 段义忠，男，1981年出生，内蒙古多伦人，教授，博士，主要从事沙生植物逆境生理生态研究。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路4号 榆林学院，Tel：0912-3899636，E-mail：duanyizhong2006@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    柴乖强，男，1986年出生，陕西扶风人，讲师，博士，主要从事旱区植物遗传改良与逆境生理研究。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路4号 榆林学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    榆林市科技局产学研合作项目“生态恢复与重建重点实验建设—沙地桑规范化栽培技术及桑产品开发利用研究”(CXY-2020-009-02); 国家自然科学基金地区项目“Pmwx1在糜子叶片表皮蜡质合成中的分子调控机理”(32160464); 陕西省教育厅科研计划项目“陕北采煤沉陷地油莎豆改良生态环境效应研究与应用示范”(21JS042); 榆林市林业产业开发中心横向科研项目“陕北风沙草滩区野生植物资源高值创新利用研究”(2020HX01); 榆林学院高层次人才科研启动基金“玉米叶片超长链脂肪醇合成基因ZmFAR的鉴定与功能分析”(18GK11)

Screening the Optimum Ratio of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium for Protein Mulberry (Morus alba L.) in Wind-sand Grassland Area of Northern Shaanxi

CHAI Guaiqiang1,2(), MASHU Haoyang1, LI Lin1, DUAN Yizhong1,2(), HUO Yanbo1,2, KANG Furen1,2   

  1. 1College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
    2Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in North Shaanxi Mining Area, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Revised:2023-01-11 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-16

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摘要：

为研究不同施肥处理对沙地蛋白桑叶片光合特性、水分利用效率、产量和品质的影响，进而探索适合沙地蛋白桑生长的最优肥料配比模式。以适应性较强的沙地蛋白桑‘榆引桑-1’3年生幼苗为材料，设置8个不同氮、磷、钾施肥处理（T0、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6和T7），通过测定生理特性、产量和品质等，综合分析并筛选出陕北风沙草滩区沙地蛋白桑种植的最优施肥量。研究结果表明：不同氮、磷、钾施肥处理对沙地蛋白桑光合特性影响显著，随着施肥量的逐渐增加，叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，并且在T5处理各生理特性均显著高于对照(P<0.05)；不同施肥处理对蛋白桑株高和单株茎杆重无显著影响(P>0.05)，而对单株干叶重、单株生物学产量和总产量产生较大影响(P<0.05)；粗蛋白含量随着施肥量的增加呈现出先增高后降低的趋势，并且在T4和T5处理下的桑树叶片粗蛋白质含量较高，显著高于对照处理(P<0.05)，粗脂肪含量在T4、T5和T6处理下均显著高于对照(P<0.05)，分别是对照处理的1.80、1.90、1.78倍。相关分析结果表明，桑树产量与叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。利用隶属函数法综合比较沙地蛋白桑光合特性、水分利用效率、产量及品质指标，T5处理（氮肥150 kg/hm2、磷肥90 kg/hm2和钾肥60 kg/hm2）光合能力较强、产量高、品质优，并可获得较高的水分利用效率。因此，T5处理是陕北风沙区沙地蛋白桑种植中较适宜的最优肥料配比。

关键词: 桑树, 氮、磷、钾配施, 品质, 相关性分析, 隶属函数分析

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency, yield and quality of mulberry leaves, and explore the optimal combined fertilizer application ratio suitable for the growth of protein mulberry. Three-year-old seedlings of ‘Yuyinsang-1’ were used as the materials. Eight treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application were set to comprehensively screen out the optimal application rate for protein mulberry planted in Yulin wind-sand grassland area by measuring physiological characteristics, yield and quality of mulberry leaves. The results showed that different treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application had significant effects on the photosynthetic characteristics of protein mulberry. With the increase of fertilizer application rate, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of mulberry leaves increased first and then decreased, and all physiological characteristics under T5 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05). Different treatments had no significant effects on plant height and stem weight per plant (P>0.05), but had significant effects on dry leaf weight per plant, biological yield and total yield per plant (P<0.05). The crude protein content increased first and then decreased, and the crude protein content of mulberry leaves under T4 and T5 treatments was significantly higher than that under the control treatment (P<0.05), and the crude fat content of mulberry leaves under T4, T5 and T6 treatments was significantly higher than that under the control treatment (P<0.05), which was 1.80, 1.90 and 1.78 times that of the control, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the yield was very significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, crude protein content and crude fat content (P<0.01). The photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency, yield and quality indexes of protein mulberry were compared by membership function method, and T5 treatment (N fertilizer 150 kg/hm2, P fertilizer 90 kg/hm2 and K fertilizer 60 kg/hm2) had strong photosynthetic capacity, high yield, good quality, and high water use efficiency. Therefore, T5 treatment is the most suitable fertilizer application ratio in wind-sand grassland area in northern Shaanxi Province.

Key words: mulberry, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, quality, correlation analysis, membership function analysis