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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (8): 81-88.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0151

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

气象条件对夏季鱼塘溶氧垂直变化影响及对策研究

刘可群1,2(), 邓爱娟2(), 孟翠丽1, 李伟3, 汤阳2   

  1. 1 武汉农业气象试验站，武汉 430040
    2 武汉区域气候中心，武汉 430074
    3 洪湖大同湖管理区农业科，湖北荆州 433221
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-30 修回日期:2024-01-05 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-16
  • 通讯作者:
    邓爱娟，女，1985年出生，高级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事水产气象研究与服务方面的研究。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 武汉区域气候中心，Tel：027-67847968，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘可群，男，1963年出生，研究员，大学本科，主要从事生态与农业气象方面的研究。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 武汉区域气候中心，Tel：027-67847968，E-mail：

  • 基金资助:
    武汉市气象科技联合基金“养殖池塘生态环境要素对气象条件的响应机理研究”(2023020201010577); 湖北省气象局科技基金(2022Z03)

Influence of Meteorological Factors on Vertical Changes of DO in Fish Pond in Summer and Its Countermeasures

LIU Kequn1,2(), DENG Aijuan2(), MENG Cuili1, LI Wei3, TANG Yang2   

  1. 1 Wuhan Agricultural Meteorological Test Station, Wuhan 430040, Hubei, China
    2 Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
    3 Agriculture division of Honghu Datong Lake Region, Jingzhou 433221, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-06-30 Revised:2024-01-05 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-16

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摘要：

鱼塘溶氧垂直差异大小是健康生态养殖的重要指标之一。基于湖北洪湖2022年6月21日—7月14日鱼塘溶氧、水温、光强等上下垂直分层观测资料，以及同步地面气象观测资料，分析了鱼塘水体溶氧日变化特征，在排除了人为因素干扰相关资料后，采用统计回归方法，诊断分析了上下层溶氧差异与气象环境因子关系。结果表明：夏季晴好天气下，随进入水体的光照增强，上层溶氧常处于饱和或过饱和，下层处于低溶氧状态；120 cm层溶氧增量与光强呈不显著的负相关，鱼塘下层难以通过光合产氧满足底层鱼类溶氧需求。鱼塘水体温度上高下低的垂直梯度会阻碍氧向下迁移，在30 cm与60 cm两层水温相差1℃的情况下，其溶氧量差可达6.6 mg/L。在风的作用下，风力越大，上下层水温差异越小，迁移阻力小、迁移快，溶氧差异小；地面极大风速达9 m/s以上时，鱼塘上下层的溶氧差异小，无需人工干预增氧。打破水温垂直梯度变化是确保夏季鱼塘良好生态环境重要手段，人为干预强度由风力的大小决定，风力越小，所需干预力度越大。研究结果以期为鱼塘健康养殖，降低生产成本、减少灾害损失，以及促进水产养殖智能机械化发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 夏季, 鱼塘, DO, 影响因子

Abstract:

The vertical difference of DO in fish ponds is one of the most important indicators for healthy ecological aquaculture. On the basis of vertical observation data of DO, water temperature, light intensity and meteorological observation data of Honghu City from June 21st to July 14th of 2022, the diurnal variation characteristics of DO of fish ponds were analyzed. The statistical analysis method was applied to diagnose the relationship between the difference of DO in the upper and lower layers and meteorological factors excluding human interference. The results showed that: in sunny summer, with the increase of light intensity entering the water, the DO of the upper layer was saturated or supersaturated but the DO of lower layer was still low. The increment of DO in 120 cm layer was not significantly negatively correlated with light intensity. And it was difficult for the fish living at the bottom layer to get enough DO from photosynthetic oxygen production. The vertical gradient of water temperature in fish ponds would hinder the transmission of DO downward. For example, with 1 ℃ difference of water temperature between 30cm and 60cm, the DO difference could be 6.6 mg/L. Under the effect of the wind force, the difference of water temperature, the transmission resistance of DO and the difference of DO concentration became much smaller with the increase of the wind. When the maximum wind speed was more than 9 m/s, the difference of DO was tiny between the upper and lower layer, and it was unnecessary to turn on the artificial oxygenation equipment. So breaking the vertical gradient of water temperature was an important method to ensure a nice ecological environment in fish ponds in summer. The necessity of human intervention was determined by the wind. The weaker the wind, the more intervention required.

Key words: summer, fish pond, DO (dissolved oxygen), influence factors