白杨派杂交子代苗期测定及选择

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选白杨派杂交子代苗期优良单株，进而选择优良的无性系，将白杨派亲本进行切枝杂交，对其2年生苗木进行遗传变异分析。结果表明，生长量、分枝、叶片性状在组合内单株间和组合间均存在广泛的遗传变异，组合遗传力均在0.81以上，属于高遗传力，说明组合间变异主要受遗传因素控制。由苗木多重比较可知，生长量较大组合为[(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana]×[(P. tomentosa× P. bolleana)× P. canescens]、(P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’)×[(P. tomentosa× P. bolleana)× P. canescens]、[(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana]× [(P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)×P. canescens]，其母本(P. alba× P. glandulosa)×P. bolleana、P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’、(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana和父本(P. tomentosa× P. bolleana)× P. canescens，初步认为这4个亲本为优良种质资源。通过筛选共得到优良单株20株，平均入选率为4.22%，选出2个优良组合为3-104×MY、YX1×MY，可为优良无性系的选择奠定基础。

关键词: 白杨派, 杂交, 杂交子代, 遗传变异, 选择, 无性系选择, 优良单株

Abstract:

In order to screen out the superior individual in the hybrid seedlings of poplars, and then select the excellent clones, we analyzed the genetic variation of the two-year-old seedlings of poplars using the cutting cross technology. The results showed that the growth, branch and leaf traits of different crossing combinations and different individuals of the same crossing combination had considerable genetic variation. Their family heritabilities were all above 0.81, which belonged to high heritability, indicating that the variation among cross-combinations was controlled by genetic factor. The results of multiple comparison showed that (P. alba× P. glandulosa) × P. bolleana × (P. tomentosa × P. bolleana) × P. canescens, (P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’) × (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana) × P. canescens, (P. alba× P. glandulosa) × P. bolleana × (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana) × P. canescens had fast growth. Among the three cross combinations, (P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana, P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’, (P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana were used as female parents and (P. tomentosa× P. bolleana)× P. canescens was used as male parent, the four parents were regarded as excellent germplasm resources. 20 seedlings were selected as superior individual plants, the average enrolment rate was 4.22%. 3-104×MY and YX1×MY were selected as superior cross combinations, which laid a foundation for the selection of excellent clones.

Key words: Leuce, hybridization, hybrid offspring, genetic variation, selection, asexuline selection, superior individua

孙超, 曹帮华. 白杨派杂交子代苗期测定及选择[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(4): 35-41.

SUN Chao, CAO Banghua. Seedling Stage Determination and Selection of Leuce Hybrid Progeny[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(4): 35-41.

图/表 11

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杂交亲本	杂交亲本拉丁名	性别	采集地点	简称
银腺杨1号	P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’	♀	山东冠县	YX1
银腺杨2号	P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘2’	♀	山东冠县	YX2
25-1	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana	♀	山东冠县	25-1
4-33	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. tomentosa	♀	山东冠县	4-33
3-104	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana	♀	山东冠县	3-104
毛新×银灰	(P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)× P. canescens	♂	内蒙古通辽	MY
84K	P. abla× P. glandulosa	♂	陕西杨凌	84K

杂交亲本	杂交亲本拉丁名	性别	采集地点	简称
银腺杨1号	P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘1’	♀	山东冠县	YX1
银腺杨2号	P. alba× P. gnaludotas ‘2’	♀	山东冠县	YX2
25-1	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana	♀	山东冠县	25-1
4-33	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. tomentosa	♀	山东冠县	4-33
3-104	(P. alba× P. glandulosa)× P. bolleana	♀	山东冠县	3-104
毛新×银灰	(P. tomentosa×P. bolleana)× P. canescens	♂	内蒙古通辽	MY
84K	P. abla× P. glandulosa	♂	陕西杨凌	84K

杂交组合	苗高			地径			分枝数
杂交组合	平均值/m	变幅/m	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/个	变幅/个	变异系数/%
4-33×84K	1.53±0.58	0.37~3.34	37.91	1.78±0.83	0.44~3.92	46.63	4.14±3.88	0.00~16.00	93.72
25-1×MY	1.95±0.50	1.27~3.38	25.64	2.60±0.75	1.07~4.13	28.85	18.08±8.20	2.00~37.00	45.35
YX2×84K	1.55±0.68	0.41~3.18	43.87	2.19±0.91	0.93~4.13	41.55	12.33±9.82	2.00~42.00	79.64
YX2×MY	1.82±0.51	0.60~2.87	28.02	2.50±0.84	0.78~5.38	33.6	16.70±8.45	6.00~48.00	50.6
YX1×MY	2.08±0.63	0.70~3.53	30.29	2.90±1.05	1.14~6.20	36.21	20.03±11.88	2.00~51.00	59.31
3-104×MY	2.22±0.56	1.48~3.75	25.23	2.49±1.01	1.32~7.48	40.56	22.93±11.00	7.00~51.00	47.97
杂交组合	分枝粗			叶长			叶宽
杂交组合	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%
4-33×84K	0.59±0.35	0.00~1.45	59.32	12.29±3.66	5.20~23.10	26.95	11.43±3.08	2.10~9.20	29.45
25-1×MY	0.78±0.29	0.33~1.73	37.18	11.90±2.05	8.50~16.20	17.31	11.09±1.92	2.20~7.60	17.23
YX2×84K	0.99±0.40	0.38~2.18	40.4	9.94±2.33	5.20~14.20	27.79	9.14±2.54	1.60~10.90	23.44
YX2×MY	0.89±0.35	0.36~1.68	39.33	11.13±2.30	4.10~16.20	23.95	9.56±2.29	1.10~6.10	20.66
YX1×MY	0.94±0.36	0.28~2.18	38.3	12.46±2.68	6.80~18.20	24.56	10.83±2.66	2.20~7.50	21.47
3-104×MY	0.95±0.38	0.37~1.98	40	12.20±2.32	8.00~17.90	23.9	10.88±2.60	2.70~9.60	18.47

杂交组合	苗高			地径			分枝数
杂交组合	平均值/m	变幅/m	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/个	变幅/个	变异系数/%
4-33×84K	1.53±0.58	0.37~3.34	37.91	1.78±0.83	0.44~3.92	46.63	4.14±3.88	0.00~16.00	93.72
25-1×MY	1.95±0.50	1.27~3.38	25.64	2.60±0.75	1.07~4.13	28.85	18.08±8.20	2.00~37.00	45.35
YX2×84K	1.55±0.68	0.41~3.18	43.87	2.19±0.91	0.93~4.13	41.55	12.33±9.82	2.00~42.00	79.64
YX2×MY	1.82±0.51	0.60~2.87	28.02	2.50±0.84	0.78~5.38	33.6	16.70±8.45	6.00~48.00	50.6
YX1×MY	2.08±0.63	0.70~3.53	30.29	2.90±1.05	1.14~6.20	36.21	20.03±11.88	2.00~51.00	59.31
3-104×MY	2.22±0.56	1.48~3.75	25.23	2.49±1.01	1.32~7.48	40.56	22.93±11.00	7.00~51.00	47.97
杂交组合	分枝粗			叶长			叶宽
杂交组合	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%	平均值/cm	变幅/cm	变异系数/%
4-33×84K	0.59±0.35	0.00~1.45	59.32	12.29±3.66	5.20~23.10	26.95	11.43±3.08	2.10~9.20	29.45
25-1×MY	0.78±0.29	0.33~1.73	37.18	11.90±2.05	8.50~16.20	17.31	11.09±1.92	2.20~7.60	17.23
YX2×84K	0.99±0.40	0.38~2.18	40.4	9.94±2.33	5.20~14.20	27.79	9.14±2.54	1.60~10.90	23.44
YX2×MY	0.89±0.35	0.36~1.68	39.33	11.13±2.30	4.10~16.20	23.95	9.56±2.29	1.10~6.10	20.66
YX1×MY	0.94±0.36	0.28~2.18	38.3	12.46±2.68	6.80~18.20	24.56	10.83±2.66	2.20~7.50	21.47
3-104×MY	0.95±0.38	0.37~1.98	40	12.20±2.32	8.00~17.90	23.9	10.88±2.60	2.70~9.60	18.47

项目	苗高/m	地径/cm	分枝数/个	分支粗/cm	叶长/cm	叶宽/cm
均值	1.86	2.41	15.70	0.86	11.65	10.49
标准差	0.63	0.96	10.99	0.38	2.65	2.65
最小值	1.53	1.78	4.14	0.59	9.94	9.94
最大值	2.22	2.90	22.93	0.99	12.46	11.43
变异系数/%	33.82	39.93	70.01	44.13	25.25	23.35