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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 23-29.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200100011

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

桃树蚜虫调查及药效与安全性评价

宫庆涛1(), 李桂祥1, 李素红1,2, 武海斌1, 姜莉莉1, 孙瑞红1, 张安宁1()   

  1. 1山东省果树研究所,山东泰安 271000
    2山东农业大学,园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-17 修回日期:2020-03-22 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 张安宁 E-mail:gongzheng.1984@163.com;gongqingtao@shandong.cn
  • 作者简介:宫庆涛,男,1984年出生,山东东平人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事果树害虫综合防控技术研究。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市泰山区龙潭路66号,Tel：0538-8261982,E-mail： gongzheng.1984@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目“梨小食心虫产卵选择行为及机理研究”(ZR2015YL058);山东省重大科技创新工程项目“重大果蔬害虫桔小实蝇监测预警与绿色精准防控技术研发及应用”(2019JZZY010711);国家桃产业技术体系泰安综合试验站(CARS-30-Z-08);农业部药检所药效试验项目(横向课题,2019)

Investigation on Peach Aphids and Study on Insecticides’ Control Efficacy and Safety for Natural Enemies

GONG Qingtao1(), LI Guixiang1, LI Suhong1,2, WU Haibin1, JIANG Lili1, SUN Ruihong1, ZHANG Anning1()   

  1. 1Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
    2College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-01-17 Revised:2020-03-22 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Anning E-mail:gongzheng.1984@163.com;gongqingtao@shandong.cn

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摘要：

旨在明确桃树蚜虫为害特点,调查了不同品种桃树蚜虫种类、数量及为害差异。利用喷雾法比较了4种药剂对桃蚜的防治效果;对药后21天捕食性天敌数量和种类、优势度、主要天敌虫态情况及不同药剂浓度对天敌影响进行比较。结果表明：（1）就种类而言,油桃和毛桃以桃蚜为主,碧桃以桃粉蚜为主;数量而言,油桃桃蚜占95.4%,显著高于桃粉蚜,无桃瘤蚜为害。毛桃桃蚜和桃粉蚜数量相当,均显著高于桃瘤蚜。碧桃以桃粉蚜为主,各蚜虫种类数量之间均存在显著差异;桃蚜和桃粉蚜存在单叶混发现象。（2）螺虫乙酯和氟啶虫胺腈分别推荐44.8 mg/L和33.3 mg/L喷雾处理,21天防效为99.9%和82.1%;藜芦碱推荐10 mg/L,14天防效为38.5%;金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421不建议用于桃蚜防控。（3）调查发现桃蚜天敌7种,异色瓢虫为优势种,数量占91.0%;龟纹瓢虫为丰盛种,占7.7%;其余均为偶见种。2种瓢虫发育进度情况基本一致,该期均以幼虫和卵为主。各药剂及处理对捕食性天敌安全。

关键词: 蚜虫, 选择性, 桃, 防效, 安全性

Abstract:

To clarify the damage characteristics of aphids in peach trees, the species, quantity and damage were investigated. The spraying method was used to compare the control efficacy of 4 insecticides on Myzus persicae Sulzer. The quantities and species of natural enemies, the dominance degree, the state of main natural enemies after 21 days of spraying insecticides, the effect of insecticide concentrations on natural enemies were compared. The results showed that: (1) in terms of species, nectarine and wild peach were mainly damaged by M. persicae, and the flowering peach was mainly damaged by Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard; quantitatively speaking, M. persicae in nectarine accounted for 95.4%, which was significantly higher than the number of H. amygdali, and there was no damage by Tuberocephalus momonis Matsumura; for wild peach, the quantities of M. persicae and H. amygdali were similar, which were significantly higher than that of T. momonis; flowering peach was mainly damaged by H. amygdali, and there were significant differences in the number of aphid species; M. persicae and H. amygdali had the mixed occurrence on individual leaf; (2) spirotetramat and sulfoxaflor were recommended at 44.8 mg/L and 33.3 mg/L for spraying treatment, and their 21 days’ control efficacy was 99.9% and 82.1%, respectively; veratridine was recommended at 10 mg/L, its 14 days’control efficacy was 38.5%; Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 was not recommended for M. persicae control; (3) the investigation revealed that there were 7 species of natural enemies of M. persicae, and Harmonia axyridis Pallas was the dominant species, accounting for 91.0%; Propylaea japonica Thunberg was the abundant species, accounting for 7.7%, and the rest were the occasional species; the stage development of the 2 species of ladybugs was basically the same, and the larvae and eggs were dominant in this stage. The study showed that all insecticides and treatments were safe for predatory natural enemies.

Key words: aphid, preference, peach, control efficacy, safety

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