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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 42-48.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0023

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于IAD指数的蓝莓果实成熟度测定及其应用研究

王博伟1(), 高钰凯1, 王禹燊1, 冯绍然2, 车丽梅3, 邢璐3, 孙海悦1()   

  1. 1 吉林省小浆果遗传育种与创新利用工程中心/吉林农业大学园艺学院，长春 130118
    2 北京阳光亿事达科技有限公司，北京 100029
    3 吉林省农业技术推广总站，长春 136199
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-19 修回日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者:
    孙海悦，女，1981年出生，博士，教授。通信地址：130118 吉林省长春市新城大街2888号 吉林农业大学，E-mail：
  • 作者简介:

    王博伟，男，2000年出生，安徽人，在读硕士，主要从事果树遗传育种与分子生物学研究。通信地址：130118 吉林省长春市新城大街2888号 吉林农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省教育厅产业化项目“蓝莓新品种德珀的推广应用与高效栽培技术示范”(JJKH20220353CY); 吉林省科技发展计划项目“吉林省蓝莓遗传育种与生物技术创新团队”(20220508099RC); 吉林省预算内基本建设资金“蓝莓优质耐储运新种质的评价、选育及应用”(2022C038-1)

Determination of Maturity of Blueberry Fruit Based on IAD Index and Its Application Research

WANG Bowei1(), GAO Yukai1, WANG Yushen1, FENG Shaoran2, CHE Limei3, XING Lu3, SUN Haiyue1()   

  1. 1 Engineering Center of Genetic Breeding and Innovative Utilization of Small Fruits of Jilin Province/ College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    2 Beijing Sunshine Yishida Technology Company, Beijing 100029
    3 Jilin Provincial Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Changchun 136199
  • Received:2024-02-19 Revised:2024-05-10 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-17

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摘要：

为了准确评估蓝莓的采收成熟度，以确保果实品质，本试验以6个蓝莓品种‘北陆’、‘蓝丰’、‘德雷珀’、‘瑞卡’、‘都克’、‘蓝金’为试材，利用近红外光谱建立回归模型，确定可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、硬度、花色苷、维生素C和吸光度差异指数（IAD值）的关系。分析结果表明，随着果实成熟度的增加，蓝莓的可滴定酸和硬度明显下降，可溶性固形物、维生素C和花青素含量大体呈上升趋势。IAD值与花青素(r=0.90，p≤0.01)和硬度(r=-0.82，p≤0.01)极显著相关，与维生素C和可溶性固形物呈正相关，与可滴定酸呈负相关，并得到了5种品质指标与IAD值变化相关的回归方程，证明果实IAD值能够反映果实成熟度。研究发现，6个品种的最佳采收标准分别是：‘北陆’和‘蓝金’的IAD值在1.9~2.0，‘蓝丰’、‘德雷珀’的IAD值在1.8左右，‘瑞卡’、‘都克’的IAD值在1.7~1.8。研究旨在为蓝莓成熟度评价研究提供理论参考，为农业技术人员及蓝莓种植户提供蓝莓果实成熟判别的智能化指标，用以指导蓝莓的采收工作。

关键词: 蓝莓, 无损检测, DA-Meter, 成熟度, 果实品质, 采收

Abstract:

In order to accurately evaluate the harvest maturity of blueberries and ensure fruit quality, the experiment selected six blueberry cultivars: ‘Northland’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Draper’, ‘Reka’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Blue gold’ as test materials, and used near-infrared spectroscopy to establish regression model to determine the relationship between soluble solids, titratable acids, hardness, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and absorbance difference index (IAD value). Research had found that with fruit maturity increase, the titratable acid and hardness of blueberries significantly decreased, while the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins generally showed an upward trend. The IAD value of blueberries showed a highly significant positive correlation with anthocyanins (r=0.90, p≤0.01) and a significant negative correlation with hardness (r=-0.82, p≤0.01). Additionally, there was a positive correlation with vitamin C and soluble solids, and a negative correlation with titratable acid. Regression equations were derived to describe the changes in the IAD value based on the five quality indicators, demonstrating that the IAD value can reflect the fruit maturity. The recommended harvest standards for the six main cultivars are as follows. The IAD values of ‘Northland’ and ‘Lanjin’ are 1.9-2.0, the IAD values of ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Draper’ are approximately 1.8, and the IAD values of ‘Reka’ and ‘Duke’ are 1.7-1.8.

Key words: blueberry, non-destructive, DA-Meter, ripeness, fruit quality, harvest