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农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (11): 49-54.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0165

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

桃果实品质动态变化及其对气象因子的响应

王璐瑶1(), 闫锦涛2, 刘涛2, 李静楠1, 陈维1   

  1. 1 天津市宁河区气象局,天津 301599
    2 天津市气候中心,天津 300074
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-18 修回日期:2023-03-03 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-15
  • 作者简介:

    王璐瑶,女,1994年出生,河北唐山人,工程师,硕士,研究方向:桃树气象服务。通信地址:301599 天津市宁河区苗庄镇苗枣村南 宁河区气象局,Tel:022-69179465,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    天津市气象局区局专项“宁河地区桃树种植气象服务关键技术应用研究”(202204qxzx01)

Quality Dynamic Variation and Response to Meteorological Factors in the Development of Peach Fruits

WANG Luyao1(), YAN Jintao2, LIU Tao2, LI Jingnan1, CHEN Wei1   

  1. 1 Ninghe District Meteorological Bureau, Tianjin 301599, China
    2 Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin 300074, China
  • Received:2022-11-18 Revised:2023-03-03 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-15

摘要:

为提高桃品质并确定最佳采收期,以‘久保’为供试材料,分析果实的单果重、果径、硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的变化规律,并利用多元回归法建立果实品质与关键气象因子的综合模型。结果表明:桃果实单果重和果径生长发育动态呈现“慢—快—慢”阶段性特征,且均符合Logister曲线,单果重增长极大值出现在花后91 d,纵径增长极大值出现在花后66 d,横径增长极大值出现时间比纵径推迟5 d;随着果实的成熟,硬度逐渐下降,可溶性固形物含量呈上升趋势,上升幅度逐渐加快,可滴定酸含量先小范围波动后迅速下降。结合回归分析结果可判定,果实品质主要受≥18℃积温、≥24℃积温、日均气温和累计日照时数的共同影响。在≥18℃积温≥1170.21℃、≥24℃积温≥769.23℃、日均气温≥27.00℃、累计日照时数≥318.89 h条件下,果实品质达到最佳成熟度。

关键词: 桃, 果实品质, 动态生长特征, 气象因子

Abstract:

In order to improve the quality of peach fruits and determine the best harvest time, ‘Jiubao’ was used as the material. The variations of single fruit weight, diameter, hardness, soluble solids content and titratable acid content were analyzed in this study. The models of fruit quality and main meteorological factors were established with the multiple regression method. The results showed that the growth and development dynamics of single fruit weight and diameter presented ‘slow-fast-slow’ stage characteristics, and conformed to the Logister curve. The single fruit weight maximum value appeared at 91 days after flowering, the vertical diameter growth maximum value appeared at 66 days after flowering, and the horizontal diameter growth maximum value appeared 5 days later. With the ripening of peach fruits, the fruit hardness gradually decreased, and the soluble solids content increased with a gradually accelerated rate. The titratable acid content fluctuated in a small range at first and then decreased rapidly. Combined with the regression analysis results, the fruit quality was mainly affected by ≥18℃ cumulative temperature, ≥24℃ cumulative temperature, daily average temperature and cumulative sunshine hours. Under the conditions of ≥18℃ cumulative temperature ≥1170.21℃, ≥24℃ cumulative temperature ≥769.23℃, daily average temperature ≥27.00℃, and cumulative sunshine hours ≥318.89 h, the fruit quality could reach the best maturity.

Key words: Prunus persica, fruit quality, dynamic growth characteristics, meteorological factors