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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 75-82.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0192

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古兴安盟不同作物种植模式需水、耗水特征

杨玉辉(), 王建国()   

  1. 内蒙古扎赉特旗气象局,内蒙古扎赉特旗 137600
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28 修回日期:2024-12-11 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者:
    王建国,男,1979年出生,内蒙古扎赉特旗人,工程师,本科,研究方向:气象服务与应用气象。通信地址:137600 内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗 扎赉特旗气象局,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杨玉辉,男,1983年出生,辽宁康平人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:气象服务与应用气象、综合观测。通信地址:137600 内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗 扎赉特旗气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗科研项目“大豆玉米带状复合种植技术推广项目”(zltqky2019-001)

Water Demand and Consumption Characteristics of Different Crop Planting Modes in Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia

YANG Yuhui(), WANG Jianguo()   

  1. Meteorological Bureau of Zhalaite Banner, Zhalaite Banner Inner Mongolia 137600
  • Received:2024-10-28 Revised:2024-12-11 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-17

摘要:

本研究旨在探讨内蒙古兴安盟半干旱区主要作物(玉米、花生和谷子)的耗水规律及其与自然降水的关系,以优化区域作物布局及农田水资源管理。基于扎赉特旗国家科技示范园区提供的气象数据,采用FAO-Penman Monteith公式法和水量平衡法对内蒙古兴安盟半干旱区玉米、花生和谷子等主要作物的耗水规律进行了估算,并分析了各作物间的水分利用效率差异。研究表明,在所考察的主要作物中,大豆在整个生育期的田间耗水量最多,且存在较大程度的水分亏缺;其次为玉米;而花生和谷子的田间耗水量较少,水分亏缺量相对较低。从水分利用效率的角度考量,建议区域内作物优先种植顺序为:玉米>谷子>花生>大豆;从水分经济效益的角度考量,区域内作物优先种植顺序为:花生>玉米>谷子>大豆;优先灌溉的作物顺序为花生>谷子>玉米>大豆。大豆种植应该采用玉米大豆间作模式,水分利用效率和水分经济效益相对较高。研究成果可为当地合理规划农作物种植结构、高效利用有限水资源提供科学依据。

关键词: 内蒙古兴安盟, 半干旱区, 作物, 种植模式, 需水特征, 耗水规律, 水分利用效率, 间作模式

Abstract:

The study aims to master the natural precipitation patterns, water consumption and demand patterns of major crops, regional crop layout, and farmland water resource regulation in the Xing'an League region, which are important tasks for agricultural production and research. This study utilized meteorological data from the Zhalaite Banner National Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia, and used the FAO Penman Monteith formula and water balance method to investigate the water consumption patterns of major crops such as semi-arid corn, peanuts, and foxtail millet in Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia. Research indicated that among several major crops, soybean had the highest field water consumption and significant water deficit throughout their entire growth period, followed by corn. Peanuts and foxtail millet consumed less water in the field, resulting in relatively low water deficit. From the perspective of water use efficiency, the priority planting order of crops in the region should be corn > millet > peanut > soybean. From the perspective of water economy benefits, the order of priority crops planted in the region should be peanut > corn > foxtail millet > soybean; the priority crops for irrigation were peanut > foxtail millet > corn > soybean. Soybean planting should adopt the intercropping mode of corn and soybean, which had relatively high water use efficiency and water economic benefits. This study provides suggestions and recommendations for effectively adjusting regional crop layout and regulating agricultural water resources.

Key words: Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia, semi-arid region, crops, planting patterns, water demand characteristics, water consumption patterns, water use efficiency, intercropping mode