关键词: 蓝莓, 杂种F₁代, 单株产量, 相关分析, 通径分析, 多元线性回归, 主成分分析

Abstract:

Correlation and path analysis of major agronomic traits and yield-related characteristics in blueberry F₁ hybrids were conducted to clarify the characteristics and relationships between key agronomic traits and per-plant yield. This study aimed to explore the heterosis potential of blueberry hybrids and provide a reference for formulating appropriate breeding objectives. Using 21 blueberry hybrid progenies as test materials, 13 agronomic traits were investigated under subtropical climatic conditions. Correlation analysis revealed that stem diameter (X₄) exhibited a significant positive correlation with per-plant yield, while east-west canopy width (X₁), north-south canopy width (X₂), leaf number (X₅), fruiting branch number (X₁₀), and total fruit set (X₁₁) showed highly significant positive correlations with yield. Other traits displayed varying degrees of correlation. Path analysis indicated that the contribution of each trait to per-plant yield ranked as follows: total fruit set (X₁₁)> single-fruit weight (X₈) > fruit longitudinal diameter (X₇)> north-south canopy width (X₂)> hundred-fruit weight (X₉)> fruiting branch number (X₁₀)> east-west canopy width (X₁)> plant height (X₃)> fruit transverse diameter (X₆)> average fruit set per branch (X₁₂)> stem diameter (X₄)> leaf number (X₅). Through dimensionality reduction via multiple linear regression, 12 agronomic traits were consolidated into new variables represented by fruit longitudinal diameter (X₇), single-fruit weight (X₈), and total fruit set (X₁₁). The adjusted coefficient of determination for these new variables reached 0.971, and the established regression equation Y=-0.4091-0.0057X₇+0.2177X₈+0.0022X₁₁ effectively explained the influence of relevant factors on per-plant yield. Total fruit set (X₁₁) of blueberry F₁ hybrids demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation with yield, and the top three direct path coefficients were ranked as total fruit set (X₁₁), single-fruit weight (X₈), and fruit longitudinal diameter (X₇). These three traits adequately explained the impact of correlated factors on yield. During the selection of blueberry F₁ hybrids, the selection criteria for total fruit set, single-fruit weight, and fruit longitudinal diameter could be appropriately relaxed. Lines 29-2-2, 33-30-A and 30-29-B exhibited F-values of 1.99, 1.65 and 0.96, respectively, achieving the top three comprehensive scores and warranting further investigation.

Key words: blueberry, F₁ hybrids, per-plant yield, correlation analysis, path analysis, multiple linear regression, principal component analysis