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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 46-51.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0015

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌溉频率对南疆风沙土设施栽培番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

李源1(), 马强1, 彭波2, 吴连霞3, 夏伟新4, 李青军1   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所， 乌鲁木齐 830091
    2 新疆林业学校， 乌鲁木齐 830023
    3 新疆叶核农业科技有限公司， 乌鲁木齐 830028
    4 新疆仕永达农业科技发展有限公司， 乌鲁木齐 830009
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-31 修回日期:2025-07-15 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:

    李源，男，1987年出生，新疆乌鲁木齐人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：果蔬水肥一体化。通信地址：830091 新疆乌鲁木齐南昌路403号 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：0991-4501264，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目“南疆光伏大棚农业关键技术研究与示范”(2022DB010)

Effects of Different Irrigation Frequencies on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato in Sandy Soil of Southern Xinjiang

LI Yuan1(), MA Qiang1, PENG Bo2, WU Lianxia3, XIA Weixin4, LI Qingjun1   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
    2 Xinjiang Forestry School, Urumqi 830023
    3 Xinjiang Yehe Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830028
    4 Xinjiang Shiyongda Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830009
  • Received:2025-01-31 Revised:2025-07-15 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要：

为解决南疆风沙土保水保肥能力差、水肥利用效率低下的问题，设置W1、W2、W3、W4不同灌溉频率处理和1个农民习惯灌溉对照处理(CK)。W1、W2、W3和W4全生育期灌水定额一致为3975 m3/hm2，CK处理灌水定额为4500 m3/hm2。其中W1、W2、W3、W4处理在定植前、幼苗期—坐果初期2次灌水中各处理灌水量相同，分别为450、75 m3/hm2，CK处理在定植前、幼苗期—坐果初期灌水量分别为450、300 m3/hm2。各处理在结果初期滴灌频率分别为2 d 1次(W1)、3 d 1次(W2)、4 d 1次(W3)、6 d 1次(W4)、6 d 1次(CK)，在结果中期滴灌频率分别为3 d 1次(W1)、4 d 1次(W2)、4 d 1次(W3)、6 d 1次(W4)、6 d 1次(CK)，在结果末期滴灌频率分别为5 d 1次(W1)、6 d 1次(W2)、6 d 1次(W3)、6 d 1次(W4)、6 d 1次(CK)。研究等灌溉定额条件下，不同灌溉频率对番茄株高、茎粗、根系特征、叶片光合特征、土壤硝态氮分布及产量品质的影响。结果表明：（1）增加灌溉频率对结果期番茄株高无显著影响，但有利于增加番茄茎粗。（2）随着灌溉频率的增加，叶片净光合速率、总根长和根表面积显著提升，灌溉频率对叶片蒸腾速率、叶片气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度、根体积无显著影响。（3）高频灌溉(W1、W2)有利于0~20 cm土层硝态氮的累积，低频灌溉(W4、CK)硝态氮被淋洗至40 cm以下土壤。（4）增加灌溉频率可显著提升番茄产量、水分利用效率、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量。

关键词: 番茄, 水分利用效率, 灌溉频率, 沙土, 设施农业, 产量, 硝态氮积累

Abstract:

To address the problem of poor water and fertilizer retention capacity and its low utilization efficiency of the wind-sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, five treatments were set up, namely W1, W2, W3, and W4 with different irrigation frequencies and a control treatment (CK) based on farmers’ habitual irrigation. The irrigation quotas for the entire growth period of W1, W2, W3, and W4 were consistent at 3975 m3/hm2, and the irrigation quota for CK treatment was 4500 m3/hm2. During before planting stage and seedling stage-initial fruit setting stage, the irrigation amounts of W1, W2, W3, and W4 treatments were the same, which were 450 and 75m3/hm2 respectively. The irrigation amounts for CK treatment were 450 and 300 m3/hm2 respectively during these two periods. At the beginning of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every two days (W1), once every three days (W2), once every four days (W3), once every six days (W4), and once every six days (CK) were adopted. In the middle of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every three days (W1), once every four days (W2), once every four days (W3), once every six days (W4), and once every six days (CK). At the end of fruiting stage, drip irrigation frequencies are once every five days (W1), once every six days (W2), once every six days (W3), once every six days (W4), once every six days (CK). The effects of different irrigation frequencies on tomato’s plant height, stem diameter, root characteristics, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and yield quality were studied. The results of the experiments showed that: (1) the increase of irrigation frequencies had no significant effect on the plant height of tomato at the fruiting stage, but it was beneficial to the increase of its stem diameter. (2) With the increase of irrigation frequencies, Pn, total root length and root surface area of leaves were significantly increased, but there was no obvious effect on Tr, Gs, Ci and root volume. (3) The high-frequency irrigation treatments (W1, W2) were conducive to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and the low-frequency irrigation treatments (W4, CK) leached the nitrate nitrogen in the soil below 40cm. (4) Increasing the frequency of irrigation significantly increased tomato yield, water use efficiency, soluble sugar and soluble solids mass.

Key words: tomato, water use efficiency, irrigation frequency, sandy soil, facility agriculture, yield, nitrate accumulation