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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 9-15.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0194

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

三熟制油菜谷林飞套播开沟方式对油菜生育及产量的影响

刘开基1(), 王瑞平1, 刘建萍2(), 李亚贞3(), 熊文3, 韩德鹏3, 程业伟3, 郑伟3, 肖国滨3   

  1. 1 安福县金田乡人民政府，江西安福 343200
    2 安福县平都镇人民政府，江西安福 343200
    3 江西省红壤及种质资源研究所/耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室，南昌 330046
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 修回日期:2025-02-07 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-12
  • 通讯作者:
    李亚贞，女，1984年出生，汉族，副研究员，硕士，主要从事作物栽培育种研究。通信地址：330096 江西省南昌市青山湖区高新五路689号，Tel：0796-7663577，E-mail：；
    刘建萍，女，1982年出生，汉族，农艺师，学士，主要从事农业技术推广。通信地址：343200 江西省吉安市安福县平都镇安平路2号，Tel：0796-7622380，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘开基，男，1968年出生，汉族，农艺师，学士，主要从事油菜作物栽培技术研究。通信地址：343200 江西省吉安市安福县金田乡政府，Tel：0796-7195230，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江西省农业项目“早熟油菜轻简化播栽技术研究”(JXNK202302-04); 国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项“南昌综合试验站”(CARS-12); 江西省油料产业技术体系“油菜高效栽培岗”(JXARS-02); 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室(2024SSY04223)

Effect of Furrowing Methods of Rapeseed for Three-cropping System on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

LIU Kaiji1(), WANG Ruiping1, LIU Jianping2(), LI Yazhen3(), XIONG Wen3, HAN Depeng3, CHENG Yewei3, ZHENG Wei3, XIAO Guobin3   

  1. 1 Jintian Town People's Government of Anfu County, Anfu, Jiangxi 343200
    2 Pingdu Town People's Government of Anfu County, Anfu, Jiangxi 343200
    3 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Genetic Resource/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Improvement and Quality Improvement of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046
  • Received:2024-10-31 Revised:2025-02-07 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-12

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摘要：

在飞套播早熟油菜-早稻-晚稻三熟制下，研究适宜的谷林飞套播油菜开沟方式，以期为油稻稻三熟制下飞套播油菜模式栽培提供理论参考。试验设计包括2个油菜品种：‘赣油杂906’(V1)和‘中油988’(V2)，3个开沟方式：不开沟处理(T1)、人工开沟处理(T2)、机械开沟覆土处理(T3)，研究不同处理对油菜群体密度、干物质积累、冬前性状、抗逆性、成熟期农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响。结果显示：T3处理的苗期密度较T2和T1显著下降；与T1处理相比，T3和T2处理明显提高了油菜苗期干物质积累量；不同品种之间最大叶长存在显著差异，而总叶数、最大叶宽和根茎粗均无显著差异，不同开沟方式呈现出总叶数无显著差异，最大叶长、最大叶宽及根茎粗存在显著差异；与T1处理相比，T2和T3处理明显提高了油菜抗逆性；与T1处理相比，T2和T3株高、主花序有效角果数和每角粒数显著提高，第一次有效分枝数、主序总长和分枝有效角果数在3种开沟方式下均表现出显著性差异；V2T3处理产量分别较V2T2、V2T1、V1T3、V1T2和V1T1提高了0.43%、22.17%、16.19%、18.36%、43.21%，产投比也以V2T3处理最高，分别较V2T1、V1T3、V2T2、V1T1和V1T2产投比提高了10.30%、15.92%、30.00%、29.08%、52.94%。研究表明，在飞套播早熟油菜-早稻-晚稻三熟制下，对于‘赣油杂906’(V1)和‘中油988(V2)’，适宜的谷林飞套播油菜开沟方式为机械开沟覆土方式。

关键词: 三熟制, 飞套播, 开沟方式, 生育, 产量, 无人机播种, 江西

Abstract:

Under the three-cropping system of early-maturing rapeseed-early rice-late rice, the suitable furrowing method of rapeseed was studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for the cultivation of rapeseed in the three-cropping system. The experimental design included different rape varieties of ‘Ganyouza 906’(V1) and ‘Zhongyou 988’ (V2). Different ditching methods, including non-ditching treatment (T1), artificial ditching treatment (T2), and mechanical ditching and soil covering treatment (T3), were used to study the effects on rape population density, dry matter accumulation, pre-winter traits, stress resistance, agronomic traits at maturity, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the seedling density of T3 was significantly lower than those of T2 and T1. Compared with T1 treatment, T3 and T2 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of rapeseed at seedling stage. Different varieties showed no significant difference in total leaf number, maximum leaf width and rhizome diameter, but the maximum leaf length showed significant difference between two varieties. There was no significant difference in the total number of leaves among different furrowing methods, but the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and rhizome diameter showed significant differences among three furrowing methods. Ditching significantly improved the stress resistance of rapeseed compared with non-ditching. Plant height, effective silique number of main inflorescence and seed number per silique of T3 and T2 showed significant difference with T1. The number of first effective branches, the total length of main sequence and the number of effective pods of branches showed significant differences under the three ditching methods. The yield of V2T3 treatment was increased by 0.43%, 22.17%, 16.19%, 18.36% and 43.21% than that of V2T2, V2T1, V1T3, V1T2 and V1T1, respectively. The ratio of output to input was also the highest in V2T3 treatment, which was improved by 10.30%, 15.92%, 30.00%, 29.08% and 52.94% than that of V2T1, V1T3, V2T2, V1T1 and V1T2. Under the three-cropping system of early-maturing rape-early rice-late rice, the suitable ditching method for rice-planting rape is mechanical ditching and soil covering for ‘Ganyouza 906’ and ‘Zhongyou 988’.

Key words: three-cropping pattern, intercropping of crops, furrowing method, growth and development, yield, drone seeding, Jiangxi