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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 1-6.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0174

• 农艺科学 生理生化 •    下一篇

刈割时期对大麦饲草产量和品质的影响

赵加涛1(), 郭勉艳2, 刘猛道1(), 付正波1   

  1. 1 保山市农业科学研究院，云南保山 678000
    2 腾冲市第一职业高级中学，云南腾冲 679100
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘猛道，男，1969年出生，云南腾冲人，推广研究员，本科，主要从事啤饲大麦育种及示范推广工作。通信地址：678000 云南省保山市隆阳区太保北路50号，保山市农业科学研究院，Tel：0875-2213421，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵加涛，男，1983年出生，云南腾冲人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事啤饲大麦育种与示范推广工作。通信地址：678000 云南省保山市隆阳区太保北路50号，保山市农业科学研究院，Tel：0875-2213421，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家大麦青稞产业技术体系“保山综合试验站”(CARS-05); 云南省科技人才与平台计划项目“云南省技术创新人才培养对象”(202105AD160044)

Effects of Mowing Periods on Yield and Quality of Barley Forage

ZHAO Jiatao1(), GUO Mianyan2, LIU Mengdao1(), FU Zhengbo1   

  1. 1 Baoshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000
    2 Tengchong No.1 Vocational Senior High School, Tengchong, Yunnan 679100
  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2024-12-15 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-15

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摘要：

为了深入探索刈割对大麦饲草产量和品质的影响，本研究以品种和刈割期作为试验因素，各设置3个水平，共计9个处理，全面分析不同大麦品种在不同刈割时期的饲草产量和品质情况。研究结果显示，在产量方面，‘保大麦20号’、‘保大麦25号’、‘保大麦20-J4’的平均鲜草产量分别达到42.09、47.81、44.82 t/hm2。不同刈割方式下的产量存在差异，其中分蘖盛期刈割1次+乳熟期再次刈割的鲜草产量最高。与乳熟期刈割1次相比，可增加2.07~6.56 t/hm2；相较于拔节期刈割1次+乳熟期再次刈割，增加量为3.55~7.14 t/hm2。从品质角度来看，在分蘖盛期及拔节期进行刈割，大麦饲草具有粗蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量高，中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量、粗纤维含量低的特点。这使得饲草适口性好、易消化，营养价值较高，可直接作为青饲料使用。而在乳熟期刈割时，粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量显著下降，中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗纤维含量显著增加，这种情况下的饲草适宜制作青贮饲料。基于上述研究结果，在实际生产中，若将大麦作为青贮（饲）料使用，建议选用‘保大麦25号’。具体操作可在分蘖盛期进行第一次刈割，将其制作成青饲料；到乳熟期进行第二次刈割，用于制作青贮饲料。

关键词: 大麦, 青贮, 刈割时期, 刈割次数, 饲草, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To study the effects of mowing on the yield and quality of barley forage, the forage yield and quality of different barley varieties at different cutting stages were analyzed with varieties and cutting stages as experimental factors, and each set up three levels, a total of nine treatments. The results show that the average fresh forage yields of ‘Baodamai 20,’ ‘Baodamai 25,’ and ‘Baodamai 20-J4’ are 42.09 t/hm2, 47.81 t/hm2, and 44.82 t/hm2, respectively. The yield of fresh grass is the highest when cutting once at tillering stage + cutting again at milky stage, which is 2.07-6.56 t/hm2 higher than cutting once at the milk stage, and 3.55-7.14 t/hm2 higher than cutting once at the jointing stage + once at the milk stage. Cutting at peak tillering stage and jointing stage, the barley has high content of crude protein and crude fat, and a low content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude fiber, good palatability, easy digestion, high nutritional value, thus it can be directly used as green forage. Cutting at milky stage, the content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in barley decreased significantly, and the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber increased significantly, thus it is suitable for silage production. In production, when using barley as silage (feed), it is recommended to select ‘Baodamai 25’, the first cutting should be carried out at the peak tillering stage to make green fodder, and the second cutting should be carried out at the milk stage to make silage.

Key words: barley, silage, mowing period, mowing frequency, forage, yield, quality