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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 10-14.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0170

• 农艺科学/生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

荞麦种质资源在陕北丘陵沟壑区综合鉴定与评价

刘小进(), 王改改(), 李倩, 王金明, 杨霞, 谭爱萍, 李海涛   

  1. 延安市农业科学研究院，陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-20 修回日期:2021-12-24 出版日期:2023-02-19 发布日期:2023-02-19
  • 作者简介:

    刘小进，男，1973年出生，陕西延安人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事作物种质资源鉴定评价和配套栽培技术研究工作。通信地址：716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区光华路2号 陕西省延安市农业科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟示范推广项目“荞麦抗倒伏技术示范推广”(LM202105); 陕西省农业专项资金支持科技创新驱动项目“小杂粮种质资源征集鉴定和保护利用”(NYKJ-2018-YA-01)

Comprehensive Identification and Evaluation of Buckwheat Germplasm Resources in Hilly and Gully Area of Northern Shaanxi

LIU Xiaojin(), WANG Gaigai(), LI Qian, WANG Jinming, YANG Xia, TAN Aiping, LI Haitao   

  1. Yan’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-10-20 Revised:2021-12-24 Online:2023-02-19 Published:2023-02-19

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摘要：

旨在挖掘和利用优异的荞麦种质资源，筛选适合陕北丘陵沟壑区种植的荞麦品种，为生产、加工应用提供依据。本研究以引进征集的7个甜荞品种资源为试材，通过连续3年不同区域试验，对其物候期、农艺性状、抗逆性和经济产量等进行鉴定与评价。结果表明，参试品种生育期为68~76天，均属于早熟品种；株高为124.5~143.6 cm，主茎分枝为3.3~4.4个，主茎节数为12.2~14.3节，花色为白色和粉红色，粒形均为短棱锥，粒色均为棕色，除‘TQ17-01’成熟籽粒颜色一致外，其他各品种成熟籽粒均有5%~10%的异色率；均表现较强抗旱性和适应性；参试品种单株粒重为7.0~12.9 g，千粒重为21.0~27.6 g，产量1315.0~1742.3 kg/hm2。通过鉴定评价，筛选出‘TQ17-03’（‘西农T1351’），‘延甜荞1号’(CK)和‘TQ17-05’（‘安塞坪桥荞麦’）3份优异资源，其中‘TQ17-03’花、茎、叶呈鲜红色，观赏期长，在文化旅游区可作为观赏植物种植；‘延甜荞1号’品质较好，适应性强，适用于加工制造风味小吃和食品；‘TQ17-05’单株粒重高、千粒重高、抗逆性强，增产潜力大，可大面积推广种植。本研究为陕北丘陵沟壑区种植荞麦品种提供了选择、生产、加工依据。

关键词: 荞麦, 品种资源, 鉴定, 评价, 陕北丘陵沟壑区

Abstract:

In order to excavate and utilize excellent buckwheat germplasm resources, select buckwheat varieties suitable for planting in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi, and provide a basis for buckwheat production, processing and application, in this study, seven sweet buckwheat varieties introduced and collected were used as test materials. Through three consecutive years of different regional trials, the phenological phase, agronomic traits, stress resistance and economic yield of the varieties were identified and evaluated. The results showed that the growth period of the tested varieties was 68-76 days, which belonged to early-maturing varieties; the plant height was 124.5-143.6 cm, the number of main stem branches was 3.3-4.4, the number of main stem nodes was 12.2-14.3, the flower color was white and pink, the grain shape was short pyramid, and the grain color was brown. Except that ‘TQ17-01’ mature grains had color conformity, the heterochromatic rate of mature grains of other varieties was 5%-10%, and all the tested varieties showed strong drought resistance and adaptability. The grain weight per plant of the tested varieties was 7.0-12.9 g, the thousand-grain weight was 21.0-27.6 g, and the yield was 1315.0-1742.3 kg/hm2.Through identification and evaluation, three excellent resources, ‘TQ17-03’ (‘Xinong T1351’), ‘Yantianqiao 1’ (CK) and ‘TQ17-05’ (‘Ansaipingqiao buckwheat’), were screened out. Among the three varieties, ‘TQ17-03’ had bright red flowers, stems and leaves, long ornamental period and could be planted as an ornamental plant in cultural tourism areas; ‘Yantianqiao 1’ had good quality and strong adaptability, and was suitable for processing flavor snacks and food; ‘TQ17-05’ had high grain weight per plant, high thousand-grain weight, strong resistance to stress and great potential for increasing yield, and it could be promoted for large scale planting. The study could provide a basis for selection, production and processing of buckwheat varieties in the hilly and gully areas of northern Shaanxi.

Key words: buckwheat, variety resources, identification, evaluation, hilly and gully area of northern Shaanxi