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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (8): 74-80.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0095

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量化修剪与喷施苹果面膜对果园经济效益的影响

白杜娟1(), 牛育华2,3, 白岗栓4()   

  1. 1 杨凌农业高科技发展股份有限公司，陕西杨凌 712100
    2 陕西科技大学化学与化工学院，西安 710021
    3 陕西省腐殖酸农业生态修复工程技术研究中心，西安 710021
    4 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-26 修回日期:2023-03-03 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-16
  • 通讯作者: 白岗栓，男，1965年出生，陕西富平人，研究员，硕士，主要从事果树栽培及农田生态方面的研究。通信地址：712100 陕西省咸阳市杨凌区康乐西路农大雅苑，E-mail：gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    白杜娟，女，1991年出生，陕西杨凌人，经济师，学士，主要从事作物栽培及育种方面的研究。通信地址：712100 陕西省咸阳市杨凌区康乐西路农大雅苑，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“黄土高原生态修复模式的格局-结构-功能关系”(2016YFC0501602); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“陕北大枣裂果防治关键技术集成与乡村振兴特色产品培育示范研究”(2022FP-10); 咸阳市科技计划项目“苹果免套袋关键技术集成与果品质量提升示范及推广”(2021ZDYF-NY-0013)

Effects of Quantitative Pruning and Spraying Apple Mask on Economic Benefit of Apple Orchard

BAI Dujuan1(), NIU Yuhua2,3, BAI Gangshuan4()   

  1. 1 Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Development Co., Ltd., Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2 College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
    3 Shaanxi Humic Acid Agroecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
    4 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-07-26 Revised:2023-03-03 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-16

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摘要：

为减少果园用工费，提高果园经济效益，在渭北旱塬以常规修剪苹果园为对照，监测量化修剪对疏花疏果用工费、果实品质和果园经济效益等的影响；在陕北丘陵沟壑区以苹果套袋（纸袋）为对照，监测喷施苹果面膜（腐殖酸型苹果免套袋膜剂）替代果实套袋对果园用工费、果实品质和果园经济效益等的影响。结果表明，量化修剪在冬季修剪时较常规修剪多支付用工费4500元/hm2，疏花可减少11250元/hm2，疏果可减少2250元/hm2；量化修剪的苹果单果重大，品质高，产值提高13.73%；经济效益提高34860元/hm2。喷施苹果面膜较果实套袋和去袋可减少用工费22850元/hm2，材料费减少8250元/hm2；喷施苹果面膜提高了苹果的外观商品价值和贮藏运输性能，产值提高50.01%；果园经济效益提高192900元/hm2。量化修剪和喷施苹果面膜降低了果园用工费，提高了果园经济效益，果园管理过程中应积极开展量化修剪和喷施苹果面膜。

关键词: 苹果, 量化修剪, 苹果面膜, 经济效益

Abstract:

To reduce labor cost and improve economic benefit of apple orchard, taking conventional pruning apple orchard as the control, the effects of quantitative pruning on labor cost of thinning flower and fruit, fruit quality and economic benefit of orchard were monitored in Weibei dry plateau. Taking fruit bagging (paper bag) as the control, the effects of spraying apple mask (humic acid type apple bag-free liquid film agent) instead of fruit bagging on labor cost, apple quality and economic benefit of orchard were monitored in the hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi. The results showed that quantitative pruning paid 4500 yuan/hm2 labor cost more than conventional pruning in winter, but paid 11250 yuan/hm2 less when thinning flower, and 2250 yuan/hm2 less when thinning fruit. Quantitative pruning increased mean fruit weight and fruit quality, the fruit output value increased by 13.73%, and economic benefit of orchard was 34860 yuan/hm2 higher than that of conventional pruning orchard. Compared with fruit bagging and debagging, spraying apple mask reduced labor cost by 22850 yuan/hm2 and reduced material consumption by 8250 yuan/hm2, improved the appearance commodity value and storage and transportation performance of apple, and the fruit output value increased by 50.01%, the economic benefit of orchard was 192900 yuan/hm2 higher than that of fruit bagging orchard. In conclusion, quantitative pruning and spraying apple mask can reduce labor cost and improve economic benefit of apple orchard, which should be actively carried out in the process of apple orchard management.

Key words: apple, quantitative pruning, apple mask, economic benefit