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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 41-47.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700102

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

江苏省丰县苹果生产绿色防控现状调查与分析

王玮1,2(), 王胜永1,3, 李德海4, 李月刚5, 卜庆魏6, 渠慎春1()   

  1. 1南京农业大学园艺学院,南京 210095
    2生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京 210042
    3徐州生物工程职业技术学院,江苏徐州 221006
    4大沙河镇农业技术推广中心,江苏丰县 221700
    5梁寨镇农业技术推广中心,江苏丰县 221700
    6宋楼镇农业技术推广中心,江苏丰县 221700
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-03 修回日期:2020-08-12 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 渠慎春 E-mail:895536896@qq.com;qscnj@njau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王玮,男,1994年出生,江苏南京人,硕士,研究方向：果树生理栽培。E-mail： 895536896@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科学技术厅现代农业-苏北专项“瑞雪苹果的引进及高效栽培技术体系的研发示范”(XZ—SZ202005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“果树资源保存与研究”(KYZZ2021002);江苏省“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2019012);江苏省高等学校重点学科建设项目

Investigation and Analysis of Green Prevention and Control in Apple Production in Fengxian, Jiangsu

Wang Wei1,2(), Wang Shengyong1,3, Li Dehai4, Li Yuegang5, Bu Qingwei6, Qu Shenchun1()   

  1. 1College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
    2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
    3Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
    4Dashahe Town Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Fengxian 221700, Jiangsu, China
    5Liangzhai Town Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Fengxian 221700, Jiangsu, China
    6Songlou Town Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Fengxian 221700, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2019-07-03 Revised:2020-08-12 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Qu Shenchun E-mail:895536896@qq.com;qscnj@njau.edu.cn

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摘要：

为了解2017—2018年丰县地区苹果生产及绿色防控现状,在丰县梁寨、师寨、大沙河以及宋楼4个镇的13个苹果种植村,调研农户的基本信息、生产经营情况以及果园病虫害防治及管理情况。调查结果表明,丰县地区的苹果种植户主要负责人多为男性,且年龄整体偏大,总体文化水平较低,其中同时具备党员或村干部资质的人数较少;在气候正常年份（2017年）,丰县地区苹果平均产量可达到 29178.6 kg/hm2,平均售价2.4元/kg,平均收入73608元/hm2;而在遭遇极端气候影响的年份（2018年）,苹果的产量锐减50%以上,平均售价上涨约1.8倍,但农户总体收入减少;农药与肥料的投入是生产资料成本的最重要构成部分,均占到总投入的40%左右,其构成比重受生产资料成本波动的影响较小;现阶段丰县地区苹果园中最高发的病害为斑点落叶病、轮纹病,腐烂病以及炭疽病也有一定程度危害,高发的虫害为梨小食心虫、绣线菊蚜、山楂叶螨以及绿盲蝽;针对病虫害,所有苹果种植户均采用化学防治的方法,而使用农业防治、物理防治以及生物防治措施进行综合防治的农户比例不高;大部分种植户喷药次数集中在9~12次/年,首次喷药时间集中在3月末4月初,末次喷药时间各有不同;农资店为种植户农药的主要购买渠道,且大部分种植户选择由农资店代为配制,其中过半数的种植户选择根据当年各自果园中的情况喷施;丰县地区苹果喷药机械化程度较高,目前小型全自动化机动式喷雾器覆盖率已超过80%。

关键词: 苹果, 绿色防控, 丰县, 病虫害, 调查

Abstract:

To understand the situation of apple production and the green prevention and control in Fengxian in 2017-2018, 13 apple planting villages in Liangzhai, Shizhai, Dashahe and Songlou of Fengxian were surveyed on the basic information of growers, apple production and management, as well as the control of pests and diseases in orchards. The results showed that people in charge in apple orchards in Fengxian were mostly male, and their age on the whole was older, their overall cultural level was lower, and the number of CPC party members or village cadres was less. In the normal climate year (2017), the average yield of apple in Fengxian could reach 29178.6 kg/hm2, with an average price of 2.4 yuan/kg and the gross income of 73608 yuan/hm2. In the year of extreme climate (2018), the output of apple decreased by more than 50%, the average price of apple increased by about 1.8 times, but the total income of growers decreased. The input of pesticides and fertilizers was the most important component of the cost of means of production, accounting for about 40% of the total input, and its proportion was less affected by the fluctuation of the cost of means of production. The high disease incidence in apple orchards included Alternaria mali, Physalospora Piricola, and Valsa mali and Anthracnose also had a certain degree of damage. The high incidences of insect pests were Grapholitha molesta, Aphis citricola, Tetranychus viennesis and Apolygus lucorum. For pests and diseases, all apple growers adopted chemical control methods, while the proportion of growers who used agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures for integrated control was not high. Most of the growers sprayed pesticides 9-12 times per year, the first spraying time was at the end of March or the beginning of April, and the last spraying time was different. Agricultural stores were the main purchasing channel pf pesticides, and most growers chose agricultural stores to prepare pesticides on their behalf. More than half of the growers chose to spray pesticides according to the specific conditions of their orchards. The mechanization of spraying in apple orchards has had a relatively high degree in Fengxian, and at present, the application of small automatic mobile sprayers has exceeded 80%.

Key words: Apple, Green Prevention and Control, Fengxian, Pests and Diseases, Investigation

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