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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 95-100.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0218

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜覆盖的增温效应与早春玉米安全播种期研究

高琪清1(), 刘火胜2(), 张胜超3, 李楚雄3   

  1. 1 武汉市蔡甸区气象局, 武汉 430000
    2 武汉市公共气象服务中心, 武汉 430040
    3 湖北省宜昌市气象局, 湖北宜昌 443099
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-09-08 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-19
  • 通讯作者:
    刘火胜,男,1970年出生,湖北武汉人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:主要从事天气预报和气象服务研究。通信地址:430040 湖北省武汉市东西湖区柏环一路2号 武汉市气象局,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    高琪清,男,1988年出生,江苏靖江人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:农业气象及综合观测研究。通信地址:430000 湖北省武汉市蔡甸区气象局,Tel:027-69600677,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    武汉市气象科技联合项目(2024020901030456); 武汉市气象局科技项目(WHY202307)

Study on Warming Effect of Plastic Film Mulching and Safe Sowing Period of Early Spring Corn

GAO Qiqing1(), LIU Huosheng2(), ZHANG Shengchao3, LI Chuxiong3   

  1. 1 Wuhan Caidian District Meteorological Service, Wuhan 430000
    2 Wuhan Public Meteorological Service Center, Wuhan 430040
    3 Yichang Meteorological Bureau, Hubei Province, Yichang, Hubei 443099
  • Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-09-08 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-19

摘要:

针对武汉市早春玉米播种期低温冷害风险高、露地播种出苗率低且成熟晚的问题,为明确不同地膜覆盖方式的增温效应及安全播种期,本研究以‘鄂甜玉5号’为材料,设置露地播种(M0)、单层地膜覆盖(M1)、单层地膜+小拱棚(M2)3种处理,开展地温、生育期、出苗率等指标的对比观测试验,建立气-地温回归模型,结合历史气象数据确定安全播种期。结果表明,覆膜能显著增加10 cm地温,有效积温相较露地播种方式提高9.9%~22.1%,全生育期缩短5~13 d,出苗率提高20%~30%。其中,地膜+小拱棚处理的增温效应最为明显,促早上市效果最佳;而露地播种方式因播期低温冷害风险高,不适宜推广。地膜覆盖、地膜+拱棚方式下,平均最早适宜播种期分别比露地播种提前8 d和19 d。地膜覆盖可显著提升地温与积温,降低低温冷害风险,单层地膜+小拱棚增温效果最优,单层地膜覆盖兼顾效益与成本更适宜大面积推广。未来可结合土壤水分、施肥等因素,优化覆盖技术参数,为早春玉米精准栽培提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 早春甜玉米, 露地播种, 地膜, 小拱棚, 发育期, 地温, 安全播种

Abstract:

In order to study the warming effect of different plastic film mulching methods on early spring corn in Wuhan, ensure safe sowing and increase yield per unit, a comparative observation experiment was conducted on three covering methods with ‘Etianyu No5’ as test material in Hannan District of Wuhan, including open field sowing, single-layer plastic film covering, and single-layer plastic film + small arch shed. The results showed that plastic film covering significantly increased the ground temperature by 10 cm, increased the effective accumulated temperature by 9.9%-22.1% compared to open field sowing, shortened the entire growth period by 5-13 days, and increased the seedling emergence rate by 20%-30%. Among them, the warming effect of plastic film + small arch shed treatment is the most significant, and the effect of promoting early market is the best; the open field sowing method is not suitable for promotion due to the high risk of low temperature and cold damage during the sowing period. Under the methods of plastic film covering and plastic film + arch shed, the average earliest suitable sowing period could be 8 days and 19 days earlier than open field sowing, respectively. In terms of selecting a safe sowing period, if continuous low temperature is forecasted, the germination rate could be improved by delaying sowing or adding small arch sheds, thereby reducing the risk of low temperature and cold damage.

Key words: early spring sweet corn, open field sowing, film, small arch shed, developmental period, ground temperature, safe sowing