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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 51-60.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0176

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

柑橘生草栽培模式及对养殖废弃物的消纳能力研究

冯延召1(), 刘琼峰2,3(), 陈鸽2,3, 谷雨2,3, 周峻宇2,3, 吴海勇2,3, 杨曾平2,3, 谢坚2,3, 王华1, 徐华勤1, 欧阳海文2,3, 徐香香2,4, 陈钖2,4, 陈彦太5, 麻小祥6, 张成7   

  1. 1 湖南农业大学环境与生态学院, 长沙 410128
    2 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所, 长沙 410125
    3 岳麓山实验室, 湖南长沙 410128
    4 湖南农业大学资源学院, 长沙 410128
    5 辰溪县科学技术局, 湖南辰溪 419500
    6 辰溪县山塘驿生态种养农民专业合作社, 湖南辰溪 419500
    7 辰溪县农业农村局, 湖南辰溪 419500
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23 修回日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘琼峰,女,1979年出生,湖南邵东人,副研究员,博士研究生,主要从事土壤资源利用与3S技术应用研究。通信地址:410125 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区马坡岭远大二路730号 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    冯延召,男,1989年出生,河北衡水人,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事农业环境生态研究。通信地址:410128 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区农大路1号 湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目“优质沃柑栽培及施肥优化关键技术研究与示范”(2024RC8267); 湖南省自然科学基金“湖南典型水稻土对畜禽养殖固体废弃物氮磷的消纳能力研究”(2020JJ4411)

Study on Citrus Grass Cultivation Model and Its Capacity to Absorb Aquaculture Waste

FENG Yanzhao1(), LIU Qiongfeng2,3(), CHEN Ge2,3, GU Yu2,3, ZHOU Junyu2,3, WU Haiyong2,3, YANG Zengping2,3, XIE Jian2,3, WANG Hua1, XU Huaqin1, OUYANG Haiwen2,3, XU Xiangxiang2,4, CHEN Yang2,4, CHEN Yantai5, MA Xiaoxiang6, ZHANG Cheng7   

  1. 1 College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    2 Hunan Institute of Agricultural Soil and Eco-Environment, Changsha 410125
    3 Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128
    4 College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    5 Chenxi County Science and Technology Bureau, Chenxi, Hunan 419500
    6 Chenxi Shantangyi Ecological Cultivation and Livestock Farmers' Professional Cooperative, Chenxi, Hunan 419500
    7 Chenxi Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Chenxi, Hunan 419500
  • Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2025-12-10 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-05-15

摘要:

针对柑橘园长期施用化肥导致土壤退化、畜禽养殖废弃物引发环境污染的双重问题,为构建“橘-草-牧”生态循环模式、实现农业废弃物资源化利用,本研究系统综述柑橘生草栽培模式的生物配置技术、养殖废弃物消纳潜力及生态与生产效应。结果表明:柑橘生草栽培的适宜草种需按树龄与季节适配,幼龄橘园宜选喜光高产型牧草(如花生、黑麦草),成年橘园优先耐阴矮生型牧草(如白三叶草、百喜草),时空配置需优化播种期与刈割频率(黑麦草秋播适宜,年刈割3~4次);柑橘与牧草需肥特性差异显著,不同产量柑橘园对牛粪消纳量9.62~24.04 t/hm2、猪粪6.58~16.45 t/hm2,黑麦草对猪粪、牛粪消纳量分别为9.21 t/hm2、13.4 t/hm2;该模式可显著改良土壤(降低容重17.26%、提升有机质39.6%),促进柑橘与牧草生长,柑橘产量最高增幅19.5%,果实可溶性固形物含量从101.1 g/kg提高到108.7 g/kg,提升7.6%。综上所述,柑橘生草栽培模式通过科学生物配置,可高效消纳养殖废弃物,同步实现土壤改良与产量品质提升,是兼顾生态与经济效益的循环农业模式。本研究为“橘-草-牧”模式推广提供了理论支撑,未来需聚焦区域适配性、长期施用风险及技术规范制定开展深入研究。

关键词: 柑橘生草栽培, 养殖废弃物消纳, 牧草配置, 需肥特性, 土壤改良, 产量品质

Abstract:

To address the dual challenges of soil degradation caused by long-term chemical fertilizer application in citrus orchards and livestock and poultry waste pollution, this study systematically reviews the biological configuration technologies of grass cultivation in citrus orchards, the assimilation potential of aquaculture waste, and the ecological and productive effects, aiming to construct an " citrus-grass-livestock" ecological recycling model and achieve resource utilization of agricultural waste. The results indicate that: (1) suitable grass species for citrus intercropping should be adapted according to tree age and season; young orchards are suitable for light-loving and high-yield forage grasses (e.g., peanut, ryegrass), while mature orchards prioritize shade-tolerant and dwarf forage grasses (e.g., white clover, bahiagrass); spatiotemporal configuration requires optimization of sowing dates and mowing frequency (ryegrass is suitable for autumn sowing, with 3-4 mowings annually). (2) Significant differences exist in nutrient requirements between citrus and forage grasses; citrus orchards of varying yields can assimilate cattle manure at 9.62-24.04 t/hm² and pig manure at 6.58-16.45 t/hm², while ryegrass demonstrates assimilation capacities of 9.21 t/hm² for pig manure and 13.4 t/hm² for cattle manure. (3) This model significantly improves soil properties (reducing bulk density by 17.26% and increasing organic matter by 39.6%), promotes growth of both citrus and forage grasses, with maximum citrus yield increase of 19.5%, and elevates fruit soluble solids content from 101.1 g/kg to 108.7 g/kg (a 7.6% improvement). In conclusion, the citrus grass cultivation model, through scientific biological configuration, efficiently assimilates livestock waste while simultaneously achieving soil improvement and yield-quality enhancement, representing a circular agriculture model that balances ecological and economic benefits. This study provides theoretical support for the promotion of the "citrus-grass-livestock" model; future research should focus on regional adaptability, long-term application risks, and the establishment of technical standards.

Key words: citrus grass cultivation, livestock waste assimilation capacity, forage spatial-temporal arrangement, nutrient demand traits, soil improvement, crop yield and quality

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