Abstract: Wheat and maize are the main grain crops of Henan province. It is of great significance to ensure national grain security by continuous improving wheat and maize yield. According to the related literature and statistics, this paper analyzed the present situation of wheat and maize production in Henan province. Aiming at messy varieties, poor emergence, unreasonable fertilization, frequent natural disasters and serious plant diseases and insect pests in wheat and maize production, this paper put forward some countermeasures such as high yield varieties breeding, scientific fertilization, comprehensive prevention and control plant diseases and insect pests, maize timely harvest later, wheat a spray three prevention measures and so on, so as to promote wheat and maize yield continue to increase in Henan province.