Abstract: Concerning the environmental problems caused by soil non-point source pollution, in recent years, domestic and international research is focusing on reducing the loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. The authors summarize the research progress of chemical repair passivation agent biochar on the conversion and loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar with its special material structure and physical and chemical properties directly affects the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Biochar can increase the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus to improve crop survival and yield, improve soil physical and chemical properties and play a vital role in reducing the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; it can also reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in soil surface water and soil, reduce ammonia volatilization loss and improve fertilizer efficiency. Biochar has great potential in promoting nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and adsorption, improving nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland. In the future, more researches are needed in exploring biochar’s role in environmental pollution control and sustainable utilization.