Abstract: The 19th CPC National Congress put forward the idea of‘New Era’, in which the goal of the party and the nation is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Agriculture is the basis of the national economy, vigorously developing agricultural and rural economy and striving to improve farmers'' income level are the concrete manifestations of winning the poverty alleviation battle and building a well-off society in an all-round way. Western China, as the underdeveloped region, is the focus of China’s poverty alleviation. Taking in to consideration the basic situation and characteristics of farmers’income in Gansu, we used the comparative analysis to analyze the restricting factors of farmers’ income, put forward countermeasures like comprehensive management of the ecological environment, eradicating the dual system of urban and rural areas, and optimizing the agricultural industrial structure.