Abstract: The paper aims to establish a more incentive benefit distribution system of achievements’ transformation, mobilize the enthusiasm of agricultural science and technology personnel and improve the conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. We took the agricultural research institutes for public welfare as research objects, and adopted the methods of typical survey and questionnaire survey to explore the problems existing in the benefit distribution system. The results showed that: the benefit distribution system in the agricultural research institutes for public welfare had some problems, such as “difficulties in implementation, single identification of achievements’ownership, ambiguous sources of the transformation benefit, lack of coordination mechanism for benefit distribution”. So, it is recommended to improve the organization management system of the achievements’transformation, clarify the content and scope of profit distribution, establish a long- term investment incentive mechanism, hoping to constantly improve and implement the benefit distribution system of achievements’transformation.