Long-term Straw Mulching: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Organic Carbon Accumulation in Orchards

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400005

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand the effects of long-term straw mulching on soil quality in low hilly orchards in southern China, 2 adjacent orchards with the same site condition and planting time were selected in central Zhejiang (orchard with straw mulching for 6 years and orchard with conventional planting, respectively). We collected soil samples of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm from the two orchards, and comprehensively analyzed the physical and chemical properties of soil samples, and discussed the effects of long-term straw mulching on the soil quality. The results showed that: long-term straw mulching could significantly reduce the soil bulk density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, and increase the soil water-holding capacity and the water-stable aggregates’ content; could significantly increase the accumulation of organic matter, the amount of active organic matter, available potassium and medium and trace elements, as well as the number of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities; meanwhile, long-term straw mulching could reduce the soil acidity and prevent the sanding of topsoil; compared with the control, the contribution of light, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon to total organic carbon in soil with straw mulching increased significantly; the straw mulching had little influence on 20-30 cm soil layer. In conclusion, the straw mulching has obvious ecological effects on citrus orchards, which can effectively prevent soil erosion, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and enhance the nutrient supply capacity of soil. It can be used as a water conservation measure to improve the soil fertility in low hilly citrus orchards.

Key words: Low Hilly Orchard, Straw Mulching, Soil Quality, Organic Carbon Accumulation, Aggregate, Enzyme Activity

CLC Number:

S571.1
S38

Hu Yanfang, Zhang Mingkui. Long-term Straw Mulching: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Organic Carbon Accumulation in Orchards[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(7): 37-43.

Figures/Tables 8

References 37

[1]	徐红梅, 霍轶珍, 彭遵原, 等. 不同材料覆盖对土壤水热及小麦产量的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33(5):107-111.
[2]	吴素丽. 覆盖对土壤水盐调控及枸杞产量的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2019(3):116-120.
[3]	李寒, 郝赛鹏, 郭素萍, 等. 地布覆盖对苹果园土壤理化性质及杂草生长的影响[J]. 林业与生态科学, 2018, 33(4):402-407.
[4]	刘秀, 司鹏飞, 张哲, 等. 地膜覆盖对北方旱地土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(21):7870-7877.
[5]	付鑫, 王俊, 刘全全, 等. 秸秆和地膜覆盖对旱作玉米田土壤团聚体及有机碳的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2016, 47(2):405-413.
[6]	黄俊, 吕茂奎, 李晓杰, 等. 红壤侵蚀区芒萁覆盖对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报, 2019, 14(1):9-16.
[7]	谢梦薇, 江解增, 朱丽丽, 等. 水稻秸秆覆盖量对水生蔬菜产量及土壤性质的影响[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2018, 46(12):104-108.
[8]	张秋萍, 谢梦薇, 李换平, 等. 设施豆瓣菜土表覆盖水稻秸秆的土壤改良效应[J]. 上海蔬菜, 2019(1):52-54.
[9]	何振嘉. 覆盖方式对涌泉根灌枣树土壤水热效应及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(12):130-139.
[10]	王雯, 张雄, 任董董. 不同覆盖作物对马铃薯冬闲田土壤碳氮含量及酶活性的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(33):118-120.
[11]	苏宇, 刘鸿, 李贤伟, 范川, 刘晟男, 张小国, 陈露蔓. 施肥与覆盖处理对雷竹林土壤养分化学计量特征及肥料贡献率的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2018, 36(6):751-757,784.
[12]	程竞萱, 程金花, 郑欣, 等. 不同植被覆盖下土壤优先流特征及影响因素[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2018, 52(6):973-982.
[13]	黎健龙, 唐劲驰, 吴利荣, 等. 间作与覆盖对茶园生物多样性及茶叶产量的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2010(11):29-31.
[14]	朱庆松, 刘松虎, 赵海英. 信阳毛尖茶园不同覆盖措施对空气湿度和光照强度及风速的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2010(14):60-62.
[15]	王元元, 李超, 刘思超, 等. 有机肥对水稻产量、品质及土壤特性的影响研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2019, 25(1):15-20.
[16]	张丽霞, 王俊文, 王立春, 等. 有机物料腐熟剂在东北农作物秸秆还田上的应用[J]. 东北农业科学, 2018, 43(6):5-8.
[17]	徐节田, 邸文静, 杜刚, 等. 有机物料还田方式及对土壤培肥的作用[J]. 现代农业科技, 2019(1): 182,184.
[18]	任江波, 李钠钾, 秦平伟, 等. 不同覆盖材料对土壤理化性状和微生物量碳氮含量的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(10):2140-2145.
[19]	梁音, 杨轩, 潘贤章, 等. 南方红壤丘陵区水土流失特点及防治对策[J]. 中国水土保持, 2008(12):50-53.
[20]	梁音, 张斌, 潘贤章, 等. 南方红壤丘陵区水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):22-27.
[21]	周铿霖, 李春霞, 张蕾, 等. 我国南方红壤丘陵区水土流失的综合治理[J]. 江苏教育学院学报:自然科学版, 2012, 28(1):13-17.
[22]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
[23]	Six J, Callewaert P, Lenders S, et al. Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007, 66(6):1981-1987. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2002.1981 URL
[24]	袁可能, 张友全. 土壤腐殖质氧化稳定性的研究[J]. 浙江农业科学, 1964(7):345-349.
[25]	陈文新. 土壤和环境微生物学[M]. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1996.
[26]	汤鸣绍. 建立无公害茶园的技术措施[J]. 福建茶叶, 1999(1):24-25.
[27]	黎健龙, 唐劲驰, 吴利荣, 等. 间作与覆盖对茶园生物多样性及茶叶产量的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2010(11):29-31.
[28]	张露荷, 管利兵, 黄华梨, 等. 不同覆盖方式对土壤温湿度及枣树生理的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2018, 27(10):1454-1460.
[29]	朱庆松, 刘松虎, 赵海英. 信阳毛尖茶园不同覆盖措施对空气湿度和光照强度及风速的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2010(14):60-62.
[30]	黎健龙, 唐劲驰, 吴利荣, 等. 间作与覆盖对茶园生物多样性及茶叶产量的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2010(11):29-31.
[31]	吴玉琼. 茶园铺草覆盖效应与机理[J]. 茶叶科学技术, 2007(4):29-30.
[32]	张志军, 费萍丽, 郭见早, 等. 气候条件与茶园管理关技术[J]. 茶叶, 2006, 32(3):154-157.
[33]	杨贺菲, 赵静, 张旭. 免耕和稻草覆盖对红壤旱地土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2018, 30(10):45-49.
[34]	黄河仙, 谢小立, 王凯荣, 等. 不同覆被下红壤坡地地表径流及其养分流失特征[J]. 生态环境, 2008, 17(4):1645-1649.
[35]	Pascual J A, García C, Hernandez T. Comparison of fresh and composted organic waste in their efficacy for the improvement of arid soil quality[J]. Bioresource Technology, 1999, 68(98):255-264. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00160-6 URL
[36]	Medina J, Monreal C, Barea J M, et al. Crop residue stabilization and application to agricultural and degraded soils: A review[J]. Waste Management, 2015, 42:41-54. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.002 pmid: 25936555
[37]	Li S, Gu X, Zhuang J, et al. Distribution and storage of crop residue carbon in aggregates and its contribution to organic carbon of soil with low fertility[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2016, 155(2):199-206.

处理	土层/cm	容重/(g/cm³)	粘粒/(g/kg)	pH	交换性酸/(cmol/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	含水量/%
对照	0~10	1.34±0.04b	287±29b	5.04±0.05bc	2.02±0.19bc	9.87±0.49bc	22.45±1.35c
	10~20	1.36±0.03b	348±23a	5.03±0.03cd	2.16±0.17b	9.56±0.39cd	24.64±1.69b
	20~30	1.45±0.03a	371±21a	4.95±0.04d	3.09±0.24a	9.41±0.41cd	22.89±1.57 bc
覆盖	0~10	1.22±0.03d	342±24a	5.23±0.04a	1.87±0.11c	11.45±0.32a	27.54±1.14a
	10~20	1.28±0.04c	343±25a	5.11±0.04b	1.93±0.15bc	10.46±0.37b	28.45±2.01a
	20~30	1.43±0.03a	364±18a	4.98±0.03de	2.98±0.21a	9.23±0.28d	24.54±1.16bc

处理	土层/cm	容重/(g/cm³)	粘粒/(g/kg)	pH	交换性酸/(cmol/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	含水量/%
对照	0~10	1.34±0.04b	287±29b	5.04±0.05bc	2.02±0.19bc	9.87±0.49bc	22.45±1.35c
	10~20	1.36±0.03b	348±23a	5.03±0.03cd	2.16±0.17b	9.56±0.39cd	24.64±1.69b
	20~30	1.45±0.03a	371±21a	4.95±0.04d	3.09±0.24a	9.41±0.41cd	22.89±1.57 bc
覆盖	0~10	1.22±0.03d	342±24a	5.23±0.04a	1.87±0.11c	11.45±0.32a	27.54±1.14a
	10~20	1.28±0.04c	343±25a	5.11±0.04b	1.93±0.15bc	10.46±0.37b	28.45±2.01a
	20~30	1.43±0.03a	364±18a	4.98±0.03de	2.98±0.21a	9.23±0.28d	24.54±1.16bc

处理	土层/cm	水稳定性团聚体组成/%
处理	土层/cm	>5 mm	5~2 mm	2~0.25 mm	0.25~0.053 mm	<0.053 mm	>0.2 5mm
对照	0~10	33±2b	26±2c	23±2a	11±2b	7±1c	82±3b
	10~20	29±2c	31±3b	17±3bc	13±2b	10±2b	77±3c
	20~30	25±4c	27±3bc	15±2cd	18±3a	15±2a	67±4d
覆盖	0~10	41±4a	28±3bc	19±2b	7±1c	5±1d	88±3a
	10~20	34±2b	36±3a	12±2d	10±2b	8±1c	82±4b
	20~30	26±3c	25±2c	18±3b	17±3a	14±2a	69±3d

处理	土层/cm	水稳定性团聚体组成/%
处理	土层/cm	>5 mm	5~2 mm	2~0.25 mm	0.25~0.053 mm	<0.053 mm	>0.2 5mm
对照	0~10	33±2b	26±2c	23±2a	11±2b	7±1c	82±3b
	10~20	29±2c	31±3b	17±3bc	13±2b	10±2b	77±3c
	20~30	25±4c	27±3bc	15±2cd	18±3a	15±2a	67±4d
覆盖	0~10	41±4a	28±3bc	19±2b	7±1c	5±1d	88±3a
	10~20	34±2b	36±3a	12±2d	10±2b	8±1c	82±4b
	20~30	26±3c	25±2c	18±3b	17±3a	14±2a	69±3d

处理	土层/cm	全P/(g/kg)	速效P/(mg/kg)	速效K/(mg/kg)	全N/(g/kg)	NH₄-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃-N/(mg/kg)
对照	0~10	0.83±0.05ab	23.25±3.25b	63.14±5.66b	0.83±0.03b	4.43±1.25b	3.47±1.32b
	10~20	0.73±0.03bc	17.65±3.26c	59.56±3.54cd	0.80±0.03b	3.04±0.87bc	2.49±0.78bc
	20~30	0.71±0.03c	14.18±3.12d	56.63±4.21d	0.73±0.03c	2.78±0.48c	2.22±0.65c
覆盖	0~10	0.89±0.04a	28.54±2.54a	83.65±7.65a	0.95±0.04a	6.74±2.38a	5.78±2.41a
	10~20	0.75±0.04b	21.14±2.28bc	65.88±4.36bc	0.84±0.03b	4.18±1.02bc	3.65±1.02b
	20~30	0.70±0.02c	13.45±2.45d	58.74±3.45d	0.74±0.02c	3.11±0.56bc	3.14±1.02b