Abstract:

On the premise of saving cost and reducing farmland deterioration and pollution caused by excessive use of fertilizer, this study aims at investigating the effects of different fertilization modes on physiological characteristics, agronomic traits and yield of peanut, and providing a basis for optimizing peanut cultivation techniques for high yield and high quality. Peanut variety ‘Quanhua 557’ was used with randomized block design to study the effect of different depth of fertilization (0, 10 and 15 cm) and different fertilization rates (150, 300 and 450 kg/hm²) on physiological characteristics, agronomic traits and yield of peanuts. The results showed that the appropriate depth of fertilization could improve the factors in plant morphogenesis, such as the development of leaf and stem, plant height and dry matter accumulation of the aboveground part, and the factors of yield, such as the number of fruits per plant, the weight of 100 kernels, the number of full kernel and the kernel-fruit ratio. And it could also improve the chlorophyll content, leaf area index and root activity of peanut after flowering stage. Peanut with 15 cm depth of strip fertilization showed the most significant increase in pod yield, followed by that with 10 cm depth of strip fertilization. Considering yield, fertilizer application rate and other factors, it is concluded that the strip application of potassium chloride compound fertilizer (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=15%:15%:15%) of 150 kg/hm² to 15 cm depth will have the best effect.

Key words: peanut, potassium chloride, strip application, growth and development, yield