Effects of Sowing Dates and Foliar-applied Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Mineral Concentrations of Different Maize Varieties

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0017

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sowing date and foliar-applied fertilizers on grain yield and mineral concentrations of the two maize varieties, field experiment was conducted in Linyi City, Shandong Province from May to October in 2019. A three-factor split plot experimental design was adopted, the main plots consisted of five maize sowing dates (May 31, June 6, June 13, June 21 and June 28, marked as B₁-B₅), and the sub-plots consisted of two maize varieties including ‘Denghai 605’ and ‘Zhengdan 309’. The slit-split plots consisted of five foliar-applied fertilizers, including deionized water (Water), calcium chloride (Ca), zinc sulfate (Zn), glutamine (N) and mixed solution of glutamine and zinc sulfate (N+Zn). Samples were collected at maturity. The results showed that both ‘Denghai605’ and ‘Zhengdan309’ had the highest grain yield at B₃ date (June 13), and the average maximum yield was 11.9 and 10.9 t/hm², respectively, mainly due to the higher number of grains per ear at this sowing date. The result indicated that B₃ was the best sowing stage in this region, and both early and late sowing dates decreased the grain yield of the two maize varieties. For ‘Denghai605’, foliar spraying with N solution could slightly increase grain yield under early sowing conditions (e.g. B₁ and B₂), while foliar spraying with Ca, Zn, N and N+Zn solutions could increase grain yield under late sowing conditions (e.g. B₄ and B₅). Among them, foliar spraying of N + Zn solution had the best yield increase effect, and the grain yield under B₄ and B₅ sowing dates increased by 45.5 % and 16.0 %, respectively, compared with the control. For ‘Zhengdan309’, foliar spraying of N solution or Zn solution could improve the grain yield at B₄ and foliar spraying of Ca solution could also improve the grain yield at B₅. In addition, foliar applications of Zn solution alone or the mixture of N+Zn solution could significantly increase grain Zn concentration of the two maize varieties sown at B₂ and B₃ dates. Furthermore, foliar application of Zn solution could also significantly increase the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, N and Mg in grain of ‘Zhengdan309’ sown at B₂ and B₃. The results provided theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality cultivation of maize and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Key words: sowing date, foliar-applied fertilizer, maize, yield, mineral concentrations in grain

YAN Wei, LI Xiaojing, JIANG Yuwei, HUANG Meng, LIU Bo, ZHANG Chunyan, CUI Zhenling, XUE Yanfang. Effects of Sowing Dates and Foliar-applied Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Mineral Concentrations of Different Maize Varieties[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(1): 1-9.

Figures/Tables 8

References 35

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品种	处理	B₁		B₂		B₃		B₄		B₅
品种	处理	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g
登海605	Water	521.2 b	320.4 b	511.0 a	323.0 a	527.0 a	331.6 a	499.6 b	302.6 c	448.8 b	310.0 a
	Ca	514.8b	319.7 b	523.6 a	332.5 a	525.6 a	337.7 a	502.6 b	309.3 b	514.8 a	310.3 a
	N	535.5 a	336.5 a	522.0 a	329.5 a	528.5 a	327.1 a	522.5 ab	309.5 b	504.0 ab	316.3 a
	Zn	518.7 b	323.1 ab	502.0 b	317.2 a	531.0 a	330.1 a	501.1 b	318.3 a	506.7 ab	316.2 a
	N+Zn	517.6 b	321.0 a	507.6 b	325.7 a	546.0 a	320.7 a	528.0 a	313.5 a	524.8 a	329.3 a
郑单309	Water	522.0 a	309.6 a	502.0 a	325.1 a	529.2 a	351.6 a	501.2 a	315.1 a	507.6 a	319.2 a
	Ca	518.8 a	306.7 a	510.0 a	334.0 a	522.8 a	354.5 a	498.4 b	314.3 a	516.4 a	326.5 a
	N	520.0 a	303.1 a	506.5 a	330.6 a	527.0 a	359.3 a	509.0 a	333.6 a	489.0 bc	312.0 b
	Zn	512.5 b	308.9 a	514.3 a	336.0 a	533.3 a	346.9 a	519.0 a	319.6 a	492.3 b	330.8 a
	N+Zn	514.4 b	313.3 a	516.0 a	338.1 a	526.2 a	352.9 a	508.0 a	306.6 a	468.8 c	336.7 a

品种	处理	B₁		B₂		B₃		B₄		B₅
品种	处理	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g	穗粒数	千粒重/g
登海605	Water	521.2 b	320.4 b	511.0 a	323.0 a	527.0 a	331.6 a	499.6 b	302.6 c	448.8 b	310.0 a
	Ca	514.8b	319.7 b	523.6 a	332.5 a	525.6 a	337.7 a	502.6 b	309.3 b	514.8 a	310.3 a
	N	535.5 a	336.5 a	522.0 a	329.5 a	528.5 a	327.1 a	522.5 ab	309.5 b	504.0 ab	316.3 a
	Zn	518.7 b	323.1 ab	502.0 b	317.2 a	531.0 a	330.1 a	501.1 b	318.3 a	506.7 ab	316.2 a
	N+Zn	517.6 b	321.0 a	507.6 b	325.7 a	546.0 a	320.7 a	528.0 a	313.5 a	524.8 a	329.3 a
郑单309	Water	522.0 a	309.6 a	502.0 a	325.1 a	529.2 a	351.6 a	501.2 a	315.1 a	507.6 a	319.2 a
	Ca	518.8 a	306.7 a	510.0 a	334.0 a	522.8 a	354.5 a	498.4 b	314.3 a	516.4 a	326.5 a
	N	520.0 a	303.1 a	506.5 a	330.6 a	527.0 a	359.3 a	509.0 a	333.6 a	489.0 bc	312.0 b
	Zn	512.5 b	308.9 a	514.3 a	336.0 a	533.3 a	346.9 a	519.0 a	319.6 a	492.3 b	330.8 a
	N+Zn	514.4 b	313.3 a	516.0 a	338.1 a	526.2 a	352.9 a	508.0 a	306.6 a	468.8 c	336.7 a

品种	叶面肥	Zn		Fe		Mn		Cu		B
品种	叶面肥	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃
登海605	Water	15.66b	13.87b	19.16ab	17.79a	3.82b	3.68a	0.83a	0.64a	1.97a	1.70a
	Ca	16.30b	13.72b	19.75ab	15.86ab	4.23a	3.53ab	0.65a	0.44bc	2.10a	1.86a
	N	15.96b	13.64b	18.32b	15.50ab	4.02ab	3.24c	0.66a	0.36c	2.16a	1.97a
	Zn	18.43a	14.44ab	18.12b	15.20b	3.95ab	3.29bc	0.75a	0.47b	2.20a	2.04a
	N+Zn	19.09a	15.90a	20.43a	16.57ab	4.18a	3.59a	0.90a	0.47b	2.05a	2.03a
	Mean	17.09A	14.32B	19.16A	16.18B	4.04A	3.47B	0.76A	0.48B	2.10A	1.92A
郑单309	Water	14.74b	13.75c	16.66b	17.15ab	3.71bc	3.84c	0.98b	1.08b	1.63ab	1.61a
	Ca	14.04bc	13.50c	15.16c	16.18b	3.84b	3.43d	0.71c	1.14b	1.74ab	1.39a
	N	13.35c	12.90d	16.00bc	16.13b	3.46c	4.04b	0.97b	1.08b	1.64ab	1.29a
	Zn	16.77a	16.44b	18.31a	18.84a	4.15a	4.45a	0.80c	1.34a	1.86a	1.50a
	N+Zn	16.81a	15.32a	18.57a	17.46ab	3.70bc	3.17e	1.61a	1.03b	1.45b	1.56a
	Mean	15.14A	14.38B	16.94A	17.15A	3.77A	3.79A	1.01B	1.13A	1.66A	1.47B

品种	叶面肥	Zn		Fe		Mn		Cu		B
品种	叶面肥	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃
登海605	Water	15.66b	13.87b	19.16ab	17.79a	3.82b	3.68a	0.83a	0.64a	1.97a	1.70a
	Ca	16.30b	13.72b	19.75ab	15.86ab	4.23a	3.53ab	0.65a	0.44bc	2.10a	1.86a
	N	15.96b	13.64b	18.32b	15.50ab	4.02ab	3.24c	0.66a	0.36c	2.16a	1.97a
	Zn	18.43a	14.44ab	18.12b	15.20b	3.95ab	3.29bc	0.75a	0.47b	2.20a	2.04a
	N+Zn	19.09a	15.90a	20.43a	16.57ab	4.18a	3.59a	0.90a	0.47b	2.05a	2.03a
	Mean	17.09A	14.32B	19.16A	16.18B	4.04A	3.47B	0.76A	0.48B	2.10A	1.92A
郑单309	Water	14.74b	13.75c	16.66b	17.15ab	3.71bc	3.84c	0.98b	1.08b	1.63ab	1.61a
	Ca	14.04bc	13.50c	15.16c	16.18b	3.84b	3.43d	0.71c	1.14b	1.74ab	1.39a
	N	13.35c	12.90d	16.00bc	16.13b	3.46c	4.04b	0.97b	1.08b	1.64ab	1.29a
	Zn	16.77a	16.44b	18.31a	18.84a	4.15a	4.45a	0.80c	1.34a	1.86a	1.50a
	N+Zn	16.81a	15.32a	18.57a	17.46ab	3.70bc	3.17e	1.61a	1.03b	1.45b	1.56a
	Mean	15.14A	14.38B	16.94A	17.15A	3.77A	3.79A	1.01B	1.13A	1.66A	1.47B

品种	叶面肥	N		C		S		P		K		Mg
品种	叶面肥	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃	B₂	B₃
登海605	Water	1.60c	1.63a	44.76a	44.57a	0.24a	0.16ab	2.25b	2.25a	3.38ab	3.36ab	1.00b	1.03a
	Ca	1.68b	1.54c	44.81a	44.78a	0.19b	0.14b	2.61a	2.27a	3.72a	3.47a	1.11a	0.97ab
	N	1.71a	1.54c	44.74a	44.55a	0.17b	0.20a	2.28b	2.18ab	3.23b	3.49a	1.04ab	0.92bc
	Zn	1.54d	1.51c	44.73a	44.67a	0.18b	0.16ab	2.31b	2.04b	3.47ab	3.26ab	1.00b	0.89c
	N+Zn	1.61c	1.60b	44.71a	44.44a	0.16b	0.16ab	2.28b	1.99b	3.46ab	3.17b	1.04ab	0.91bc
	Mean	1.63A	1.56B	44.75A	44.60B	0.19A	0.16B	2.35A	2.15B	3.45A	3.35A	1.04A	0.94B
郑单309	Water	1.57c	1.58b	44.47ab	43.91bc	0.14b	0.15a	1.96bc	2.12c	3.07a	3.29b	0.86b	0.94bc
	Ca	1.65a	1.54c	44.24bc	43.82c	0.13bc	0.14ab	2.09a	2.04d	3.04a	3.37ab	0.88ab	0.90c
	N	1.52d	1.68a	44.13c	44.31ab	0.12c	0.14ab	1.90c	2.19b	3.11a	3.37ab	0.86b	0.94b
	Zn	1.61b	1.68a	44.56a	44.18abc	0.14bc	0.15ab	2.08ab	2.28a	3.29a	3.41a	0.91ab	1.03a
	N+Zn	1.61b	1.59b	44.59a	44.46a	0.19a	0.13b	1.95c	1.84e	3.08a	3.29b	0.94a	0.84d
	Mean	1.59B	1.61A	44.40A	44.14B	0.14A	0.14A	1.99B	2.09A	3.12B	3.34A	0.89B	0.93A