Classification of Low Temperature Disaster Types of Greenhouse Cucumber in Central and Southern Hebei

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0266

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to establish a meteorological service index system for the disaster caused by low temperature in greenhouse vegetable production in central and southern Hebei Province, in order to further improve the accuracy of agricultural meteorological service for the risk level prediction of greenhouse freezing damage. From December 2017 to February 2022, a typical energy-saving solar greenhouse was selected with ‘Jinyou No. 6’ cucumber as the test material. The low-temperature oligolighting environment was established by hanging sunshade net, and the effect of low-temperature oligolighting on the growth of cucumber seedlings in the solar greenhouse was studied by pot experiment. (1) The lowest indoor meteorological index of disaster caused by low temperature in solar greenhouse in south Hebei Province was 10℃. (2) The daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse had no significant correlation with the sunshine of the day, the minimum humidity of the day before and the sunshine of the day before, but had extremely significant or significant positive correlation with other meteorological factors; when the average temperature of the previous day, the maximum temperature, the average temperature of the previous day, the minimum temperature and the minimum temperature of the previous day were lower, the daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse dropped obviously, which was easy to cause disaster to cucumbers and other fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse. (3) Frost damage was divided into three types according to weather conditions outside the greenhouse: From December 2017 to February 2022, the number of freezing damage days of different types was 12 d, 22 d and 36 d, accounting for 17.14%, 31.43% and 51.43% of the total number of days, respectively. A regression model was established for the indoor minimum temperature of the three groups and the significant correlation between outdoor meteorological elements. The indoor meteorological index of low-temperature disaster caused by solar greenhouse in central and southern Hebei Province was defined and the types of low-temperature disaster were divided, which provided support for the prediction of the risk level of greenhouse freezing damage.

Key words: central and southern Hebei, vegetables in facilities, solar greenhouse, cucumber, meteorological service indicators, greenhouse freeze damage, disaster caused by low temperature, risk level forecast

ZHAO Yubing, SUN Dian, ZHANG Jie, YANG Lina, ZHANG Ziyao, SUN Donglei. Classification of Low Temperature Disaster Types of Greenhouse Cucumber in Central and Southern Hebei[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(12): 85-91.

Figures/Tables 7

References 19

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处理	温度/℃		照度/lx		空气相对湿度/%
处理	最低气温平均	最高气温平均	最低照度平均	最高照度平均	最小湿度平均	最大湿度平均
寡照	8.0	29.1	2400	32000	43	100
晴冷	6.1	27.0	94000	370000	21	87
对照	13.2	35.1	3400	380000	68	100

处理	温度/℃		照度/lx		空气相对湿度/%
处理	最低气温平均	最高气温平均	最低照度平均	最高照度平均	最小湿度平均	最大湿度平均
寡照	8.0	29.1	2400	32000	43	100
晴冷	6.1	27.0	94000	370000	21	87
对照	13.2	35.1	3400	380000	68	100

经历时间	寡照	晴冷
1~2 d	叶片变大深绿，主茎生长缓慢，挂果推迟	叶片变厚，主茎生长缓慢，挂果推迟
3~4 d	心叶叶缘出现干枯，瓜果生长缓慢	叶尖下垂，叶缘起皱纹，叶片变长
5~10 d	生长缓慢，节间变短，出现“花打顶”，叶缘失绿干枯，出现畸形瓜。黄瓜蔓枯病	生长缓慢，节间变短，主叶脉间黄化，叶缘失绿干枯，出现畸形瓜，瓜果停止生长
10 d以上	植株黄瘦，生长点及第一节萎蔫，枯死，部分瓜果脱落	枯死，瓜果脱落

经历时间	寡照	晴冷
1~2 d	叶片变大深绿，主茎生长缓慢，挂果推迟	叶片变厚，主茎生长缓慢，挂果推迟
3~4 d	心叶叶缘出现干枯，瓜果生长缓慢	叶尖下垂，叶缘起皱纹，叶片变长
5~10 d	生长缓慢，节间变短，出现“花打顶”，叶缘失绿干枯，出现畸形瓜。黄瓜蔓枯病	生长缓慢，节间变短，主叶脉间黄化，叶缘失绿干枯，出现畸形瓜，瓜果停止生长
10 d以上	植株黄瘦，生长点及第一节萎蔫，枯死，部分瓜果脱落	枯死，瓜果脱落

气象因子		最大值	最小值	变异幅度	标准差	变异系数
当日	平均气温/℃	15.3	-9.4	24.7	5.2	-4.9
	最高气温/℃	25.2	-5.8	31.0	6.3	1.4
	最低气温/℃	8.2	-14.3	22.5	4.6	-0.9
	最低湿度/%	94	7.0	87	22.2	0.6
	平均湿度/%	97	20	77	19.5	0.3
	日照时数/h	11.5	0	11.5	3.8	0.8
前日	平均气温/℃	16.8	-9.4	26.2	5.3	-4.9
	最高气温/℃	26.7	-5.8	32.5	6.2	1.5
	最低气温/℃	12.8	-14.32	27.1	5.2	-1.0
	最低湿度/%	94	7.0	87	22.6	0.6
	平均湿度/%	97	20	77	20.0	0.3
	日照时数/h	10.2	0	10.2	3.7	0.8