Abstract: To study the influence of different sowing times and densities on the yield and main characters of grain cowpea in orchard intercropping conditions, grain cowpea cultivar—‘Liao Ground Cowpea No.2’was used as material, a comparative test was conducted by intercropping cowpea in 3-year old cobnut orchard. The split plot was designed, sowing time and density were used as main factor and side factor, grain yield and main characters of cowpea were studied and compared. The results showed that when intercropping in orchard, the influence of sowing time and density on yield and main characters was significant and extremely significant, respectively; the influence of single factor on grain yield was parabolic distribution. Correlation analysis showed that there was a weakly negative correlation between 100 grain weight and yield per plant, the other characters were significantly and positively correlated with each other; yield was negatively correlated with 100 grain weight and the number of stem node, weakly positive correlated with the number of pods per plant, positively correlated with the branch number and grain weight per plant. The conclusion was that when intercropping grain cowpea in orchards in Liaoning, the suitable sowing time was May 29th with a suitable density of 16.5×104 plants/hm2.