Abstract: Crop straw power generation is a way of large-scale utilization of crop straw resources. Straw power generation projects increased rapidly in recent ten years and occupied a share in national energy output, but the economic benefit of straw power generation projects had mixed social reviews. The authors calculated the surplus of straw resources in Jilin with the survey method and the methods listed in evaluation technical manual, the economic benefit of straw power generation was evaluated by using cost benefit analysis. The results showed that: the annual straw output of Jilin Province was more than 43 million tons, of which energyoriented straw reached more than 8.7 million tons. Straw power generation could achieve profit and bring social environment benefit under the policy supporting price of 0.75 yuan/(kW·h).