Current issue

• 2017 Vol.7 No.3 Published:27 March 2017

  Effect on Yield of Super Rice‘Liangyou 616’: Seedling Age, Transplanting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate 2017, 7 (3):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100016 Abstract + ( 5587 )   PDF ( 1165KB )   ( 1726 ) To reveal the integrative effects of seedling age, transplanting density and nitrogen application rate on yield of middle-season rice‘Liangyou 616’, and study its high-yield cultivation technique, an experiment was designed by using the 311-A optimum regression, and a mathematics (regression) model was established between yield and the factors, seedling age, transplanting density and nitrogen application rate in the filed experiment. The results indicated that the effect of the three factors on yield was as following: nitrogen application rate ＞transplanting density ＞ seedling age. With the simulation and optimization by computer, the results suggested that the optimal combination was seedling age of 30.4d, transplanting density of 204600 clump/hm2，and net N fertilizer of 168.75 kg/hm2, and the imitated highest yield was 9778.1 kg/hm2. The main agronomic measures of‘Liangyou 616’to achieving the yield of more than 8625 kg/hm2 were seedling age of 29-33 d, transplanting density of 172000-227000 clump/hm2 and net N application rate of 160.0-190.8 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Physiology and Biochemistry in Seed Germination of Castor Bean 张春兰 2017, 7 (3):  5-8.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100008 Abstract + ( 1523 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 884 ) The purpose of the study is to explore the regulation mechanism of castor seed germination under low temperature, in order to select and breed new varieties with high quality and resistance. In this study, three castor cultivars were used as materials. A complete randomized design was adopted with 3 duplicates. The low temperature of 15℃ and normal temperature of 25℃ (CK) were set up and the seeds germination experiments were conducted. After determining the vitality of cultivars, the physiological index was determined by taking samples when the radicles were 2 cm long. The results indicated that seeds germination of castor was significantly hindered by low temperature stress. The sugar content and TSP were less than that of the control in radicles under low temperature, but the MDA content was significantly higher than that of the control under the low temperature. The performance of enzyme activity in castor was quite different under low temperature, SOD activity in radicles was less than that of the control under low temperature. Excepting‘Tongbi No.6’, other varieties’POD activity was significantly lower than that of the control; the CAT activity performance was not significant, and the activities were basically coincident under different temperature conditions. It concluded that‘Tongbi No.5’performed well under low temperature stress, and it could take gene sequencing for the next step.

  Breeding Report on New Rape Variety‘Yuhongyou No.4’with Good Quality DAI Rongzhen,, and 2017, 7 (3):  9-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16050001 Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 667 ) The aim of this study is to breed a new high-quality, high-yield and oilseed rape variety with strong resistance and good adaptation to the natural environment of Hongta District even the whole Yunnan Province. ‘Zhongshuang No.9’imported from Oil Crops Research Institute, CAAS and local variety‘A35’were used as materials to conduct cross. Through selective culture of multiple generations, we obtained the high-quality and high- yield variety. The results showed that in 2013- 2014, average yield of the new variety in the eight experimental plots was 2924.25 kg/hm2, which ranked the first. Comparing with the control group‘Huayou No.5’, the new variety showed yield increase in 6 plots and yield decrease in 2 plots. In general, yield of the new variety increased by 12.65% compared with that of the control. In addition, there was significant difference between the new variety and other varieties. Contents of glucosinolate and crude fat in the new variety were 19.75 μmol/g and 45.26% respectively, and no erucic acid was detected, indicating that this new variety could meet the national standard. Finally this new variety was named as‘Yuhongyou No.4’by Yunnan Seed Management Station on March 25, 2009.

  Screening and Breeding of Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting 马代夫 and 刘亚菊 2017, 7 (3):  13-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16090006 Abstract + ( 1458 )   PDF ( 1068KB )   ( 798 ) The lower degree of mechanical harvesting sweetpotato has restrained the development of sweetpotato industry in China. The mismatches between agricultural machinery and sweetpotato agronomy are one of the main factors that affect sweetpotato mechanical harvesting. In this study, we used five sweetpotato varieties with different shape and size to analyze their effects on the mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato. The results showed that the damage rate of‘Xuzishu 5’was the lowest. So, this variety was more suitable for mechanical harvesting in fields than the other varieties. At the same time, by investigating the shape, breakage rate and potato-exposing rate, we found that there is an extremely significant linear relationship between the sweetpotato shape and the breakage rate, i.e., the higher the flat rate, the bigger breakage rate. However, there was no obvious effect on the potato-exposing rate. Therefore, we should take tuberous root with lower flat rate as well as of better agronomic characters in the process of breeding new sweetpotato varieties.

  Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of 10 Biological and Chemical Fungicides Against Grape Downy Mildew 庄义庆 2017, 7 (3):  17-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100025 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 871 ) The aim is to select new biological and chemical fungicides and formulations for controlling the grape downy mildew scientifically. The indoor spore germination and field control were used to compare the inhibition and control effect of five biological fungicides and five chemical fungicides on grape downy mildew. Five biological fungicides showed certain inhibitory effects on sporangium germination. Control effect of pyamidine nucleotide bacteriophages (4%, AS diluted by 1000 times) and hartz trichoderma (3×108 CFU/g, WP diluted by 200 times) were all over 50% in prevention trial after 3 times’application; however, the treatment results were less than 50%. Among the five chemical fungicides, oxathiapiprolin (10%, OD diluted by 3000 times), dimethomorph (80%, WDG diluted by 2000 times), mandipropamid (23.4%, SC diluted by 1500 times), and pyraclostrobin (250 g/L, EC diluted by 2000 times) showed a better inhibitory effect on spore germination, and had better control effect in prevention and treatment trials in field, but azoxystrobin (250 g/L SC diluted by 2000 times) had bad control effect in field. The pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic and hartz trichoderma should be applied before the onset and could shorten the control cycle effectively. Except pyraclostrobin, the remaining four new chemical fungicides or new formulations showed better prevention and treatment effect in field against grape downy mildew, and oxathiapiprolin had a longer duration and was of promotion value.

  Effects of Planting Years on Soil Fertility, Salinization and pH Value of Vegetable Field in Xi’an 2017, 7 (3):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110043 Abstract + ( 1219 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 719 ) Nutrients contents, pH value and soluble salts of 0-20 cm soil layer of 422 soil samples from open vegetable field and greenhouse in Xi’an were analyzed to study the effect of planting years on soil fertility, salinization and pH value. The results showed that the content of organic matter significantly decreased in open field soil with the increase of planting years, had no significant change in greenhouse, and increased significantly in solar greenhouse. The content of available N had no significant change in open field and greenhouse soil, however, it increased obviously in solar greenhouse soil. The content of available P in open field soil had no significant change, but significantly increased in greenhouse soil and solar greenhouse soil. Soil available K content decreased evidently in open field, and had no significant change in greenhouse and solar greenhouse soil. Overall, soil nutrient content in facility vegetable soil increased continuously, and the accumulation of nutrient was obvious, which was related to the overuse of fertilizer. It was suggested that fertilizer application in facility vegetable production should be strictly controlled in order to avoid fertilizer waste and nvironmental pollution. There was no significant change in the content of nitrate and soluble salts in open field and facility vegetable soil, but the nitrate content in facility vegetable soil was 2.2-2.3 times of that in open field soil, which showed that the accumulation of nitrate and soluble salts was obvious and there was a potential adverse effect on vegetable production, so the fertilizer application should be controlled. With the increase of planting year, pH value in open field and facility vegetable soil had no significant change, and there was no significant difference between them.

  Effects of Cropping Systems on Chemical Properties of Protected Soils Cultivated with Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) 2017, 7 (3):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100001 Abstract + ( 806 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 886 ) (Objective) In order to understand the characteristics of soils with long-term cultivation of strawberry and their relationships with two different cropping systems, (Method) typical soil samples were collected from farm with strawberry-rice rotation or strawberry-vegetable rotation in Zhejiang province. Chemical properties, including total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, pH, and electrical conductivity, of the soils from the two cropping systems were measured and compared. (Result)The results showed that electrical conductivity of the soils were generally low, suggesting no obvious salt accumulation in the soils. In contrast, acidification of the soils was significant. Organic matter in the soils was mainly at the low-medium levels with an average of 23.9 g/kg. Nitrogen in the soils was generally high with an average of 1.5 g/kg. Available phosphorus accumulated significantly in the soils, its averaged concentration was 122.9 mg/kg. Available potassium in the soils was at a medium level, with an average of 122.9 mg/kg. Exchangeable calcium was at a high level with an average of 1235.5 mg/kg, and exchangeable magnesium was at a low level with an average of 72 mg/kg. Significant differences were observed in the chemical properties of the soils between strawberry-rice and strawberry-vegetable cropping systems. Electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soils of strawberry-rice cropping system were 106.5μS/m, 3.4 g/kg, 0.6 g/kg, 128.7 mg/kg, and 137.0 mg/kg respectively, which were lower than those of strawberry-vegetable cropping system. But the soil pH value of the former was 0.1 units higher than the latter. (Conclusion)It was concluded that the strawberry-rice cropping system was helpful to relieve the acidification of the soils cultivated with strawberry due to long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and to reduce excessive accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soils.

  Application Advance of Rotation Fallow System in China 2017, 7 (3):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16090012 Abstract + ( 1552 )   PDF ( 992KB )   ( 1224 ) At present, land pollution is serious in China, coupled with long-term operation under high load, it makes the high and stable yield of grain under serious threat. In order to speed up the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture in China, and to provide technical support and theoretical basis for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, this study concludes the proposing, content and feasibility of rotation fallow. It is considered that the rotation fallow cultivation has the practical significance of protecting the species diversity, increasing the soil organic matter content and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. The study also describes the typical cases of rotation fallowing at home and abroad, and puts forward six suggestions for effectively promoting the rotation fallow: make scientific plans; define the scope of fallow rotation; carry out effective management and supervision; strengthen propaganda; adjust agricultural planting structure; determine reasonable compensation standards.

  Fast Amelioration and Efficient Utilization of Coastal Beach in Jiangsu Province 2017, 7 (3):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080028 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 1611 ) Due to the fact of less arable land per capita in Jiangsu Province, the development, utilization and protection of coastal beach as important land reserve resources have attracted much attention. The authors summarized the primary progress of fast desalination and amelioration in coastal saline soils, large- scale screening of salt-tolerant crops, key techniques of crop cultivation and efficient cropping patterns in coastal beach made in Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences and relevant research institutions. Based on them, constructing a technique system of fast amelioration and efficient utilization of coastal beach in Jiangsu was proposed, including: (1) assessment of coastal saline soil and suitability of agriculture and forestry utilization of saline land; (2) fast desalting and amelioration of medium and heavy saline soil; (3) afforestation technology of coastal beach; (4) screening of salt tolerant crop varieties and developing high-efficient and large-scale cropping techniques.

  Extreme Temperature Variation Characteristics in Chamdo, Tibet from 1961 to 2015 2017, 7 (3):  47-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120030 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 1437KB )   ( 961 ) The paper aims to understand the variation characteristics of extreme temperature in Chamdo, and provide references for local agricultural and animal husbandry production and disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on daily temperature (maximum, minimum and average) data of Chamdo station, we analyzed the variation characteristics of extreme temperature indexes in Chamdo from 1961 to 2015. The results showed that: the extreme maximum temperature and extreme minimum temperature generally increased, the tendency rate was 0.25℃/10 a and 0.46℃/10 a, respectively; frost days, cold days and cold nights declined; warm days and warm nights and summer days increased; most indexes had the mutation passing significance test, the mutation point of cold indexes (including TNn, FD, TN10, TX10) happened in 1990s and that of warm indexes (including TXx, SU25, TN90, TX90) happened in 2004-2006 and only one mutation was observed; all extreme temperature indexes had the oscillation period with 3-5 years, and also had other oscillation periods with different distribution periods; the extreme temperature indexes had good response to climate warming, especially the cold indexes; due to the unique geographical location of Chamdo, the variation characteristics of extreme temperature in Chamdo were unique. Variation characteristics of extreme temperature will have a huge impact on agricultural and animal husbandry production in Chamdo.

  Validation and Application of Tobacco Cultivated with Single Seed in Floating Seedling System 2017, 7 (3):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16090016 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 969 ) In this paper, the feasibility of single seed sowing was verified in floating seedling system. A field experiment was conducted with primed and pelleted seeds of flue-cured tobacco as the test materials. Three treatments were set up: a manual integrated sowing device which had planting hole-making, sowing, and seed covering (T1), a manual sowing device with separated planting hole-making, sowing, and seed covering (T2), and machine sowing (CK). At the time of sowing, one seed was sown in one hole by manual sowing device, while two seeds were sown in the surrounding hole and one seed was sown in the remaining hole by machine sowing. The experimental data of germination rate, double seedlings rate, multiple seedlings rate, the labor amount and the labor cost during the period of the 4 true leaves were estimated and analyzed using random sampling. The results showed that the germination rate, double seedling rate and multiple seedlings rate of machine sowing was 85.9%, 32.4% and 13.4%, respectively.Thecostofthinningseedlingsandfillingseedlingswas 0.8yuan/plate in machine sowing. The germination percentage was more than 90% by manual sowing device, the minimum germination percentage was 91.7% in January, and the cost of thinning seedlings and filling seedlings could be saved. Therefore, the manual sowing device, which set planting hole-making, sowing, and seed covering in integration, was the best, not only to enhance the germination percentage, uniformity and quality of tobacco seedling, but also to reduce the production cost and the risk of virus spread, and save seeds.

  Effect of Humic Acid Fertilizer Application Amount on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Celery 2017, 7 (3):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100032 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 680 ) To identify the proper humic acid fertilizer dosage of facility celery, the authors used random block design to study the effect of different humic acid fertilizer application amount on celery’s yield, nutrient content, nutrient absorption amount and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. The results showed that the celery fresh weight and dry weight of overground part increased with the increase of the application amount, and then decreased; compared with CK, the increasing rate of fresh weight was 5.33% to 7.78%, and that of dry weight was 5.32% to 7.89%; H138 had the highest increment, then was H184. The application of humic acid fertilizer could significantly increase the content of N, P and K and the absorption amount of N,P and K and the absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P and K in celery, and H138 had the most obvious effect. Therefore, the optimum dosage of humic acid fertilizer should be 138 kg/hm2 for facility celery.

  Effect of Walnut Tree Bud Grafting on Canopy Restoration, Trunk Disease Infection and Yield 支虎明,,, and 田艳 2017, 7 (3):  63-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16110020 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 1066KB )   ( 791 ) Square budding method is used in non-target species of walnut trees with an aim to explore the number of bud grafting pegs reserved matching walnut tree diameter size, which provides evidence for the operation of bud grafting in production. In the same fertility plots, walnut trees with the same diameter were selected as stock, and the single factor 4 treatments were set up. In the first year, backbone branches were cut. In the second year, square bud grafting was used in new shoots to graft target sprout tuber. From the second year on, the authors surveyed for 3 consecutive years the restoration of diameter of the canopy, the trunk infection and yield per unit area. Finally the appropriate number of stakes and bud grafting peg was obtained. The results showed that the more reserved stakes within certain range and bud grafting pegs, the faster the crown recovery, the lighter the trunk disease, the faster the yield recovery. For the tree with the diameter of 20-25 cm, 16 walnut tree stakes with 40 buds should be reserved. The experiment explores a set of bud grafting technology with high survival rate, fast recovery of canopy and yield, and less trunk diseases, providing references for bud grafting in the production of walnut trees.

  Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Content and Root Activity in Seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis 2017, 7 (3):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16120016 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 890 ) To study the effect of drought stress on coniferous seedlings, using 2 years seedlings of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis as test materials, drought stress experiments were conducted using a field simulating method, by analyzing and comparing the changes of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a b contents and the value of chlorophyll a/b as well as root activity. Results showed that: (1) The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a b appeared a trend of rise first and then fall under the drought stress in L. principis-rupprechtii, but in P. tabuliformis it always decreased. It decreased continuously in L. principis-rupprechtii and fluctuated within a small range in P. tabuliformis which was the value of chlorophyll a/b; (2) Meanwhile, it displayed the same trend, which the root water content declined throughout and the root activity enhanced firstly and then weakened, between the two tested species under drought stress. (3) In addition, the chlorophyll a b contents had significantly positive correlations with root activity in L. principis-rupprechtii, but there was no significant correlations, only had an increased trend in P. tabuliformis. Through comprehensive analyses combined with the drought resistance performance of plants, it was concluded that the seedlings of L. principis-rupprechtii was more sensitive than P. tabuliformis. But it had lower adaptability and drought resistance performance than P. tabuliformis.

  Purifying Effect of Aquatic Water Spinach on Biogas Slurry 2017, 7 (3):  73-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100027 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 1238 ) To study the purifying effect of aquatic economic plants on biogas slurry, in this research, purifying experiments of aquatic water spinach were conducted on different concentrations of biogas slurry, the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP in biogas slurry and the biochemical index were tested, food safety and economic benefits of aquatic water spinach were analyzed. The results showed that aquatic water spinach could be cultivated in high concentration of biogas slurry and had strong purifying effect on biogas slurry; the removal rate of COD reached the highest when aquatic water spinach was cultivated in biogas slurry diluted 40 times, and aquatic water spinach had the best economic benefits when cultivated in biogas slurry diluted 30 times, heavy metal indicators met the green food standards for aquatic vegetables (NY/T 1405—2015). Aquatic water spinach cultivated in biogas slurry could not only make full use of the nutrients in biogas slurry, but also reduce pollutant emissions of pig farm, thus to guarantee food safety and good environmental and economic benefits.

  Effect of Different White Rot Fungi on Reducing Crude Fat of Liquor Distiller Grains 兰小艳 and 王彬 2017, 7 (3):  77-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100014 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 926 ) Distiller grains contain lots of nutrients, which are capable for efficient livestock feed production. But the crude fat content of distiller grains is too high, so the grains are not suitable for producing high protein feed. For rational utilization of distiller grains, the authors used three strains (27435 strain, our separation strain and 30942 strain) to treat distiller grains, and screened out the best one for reducing vinasse crude fat content and increasing the protein content. The results sho ed that the 24735 strain reduced crude fat content effectively, and had certain effect on the nutrition of vinasse.

  Determination of 9 Pesticide Residues in Oyster Mushroom by Gas Chromatography 2017, 7 (3):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16080024 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 714 ) To detect pesticide residues in edible mushrooms, oyster mushroom samples were taken as the experiment material. The solid-phase extraction method was adopted to study the detection methods for 9 pesticide residues such as chlorothalonil and triadimefon in oyster mushrooms. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, further cleaned-up by graphite carbon amino columns and detected by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC- ECD). The result showed that the relative standard deviations of nine pesticides content were 2.05%-6.35% under this method, the limits of detection were 0.0003-0.005 mg/kg and the limits of quantification were 0.0009-0.02 mg/kg. The nine pesticides had a good linearity from 0.05 to 2.0 mg/L and the r values were greater than 0.990. The method is feasible and accurate for determining nine residues in oyster mushroom.

  Economic Benefit of Crop Straw Power Generation 2017, 7 (3):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16090011 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 1186KB )   ( 1245 ) Crop straw power generation is a way of large-scale utilization of crop straw resources. Straw power generation projects increased rapidly in recent ten years and occupied a share in national energy output, but the economic benefit of straw power generation projects had mixed social reviews. The authors calculated the surplus of straw resources in Jilin with the survey method and the methods listed in evaluation technical manual, the economic benefit of straw power generation was evaluated by using cost benefit analysis. The results showed that: the annual straw output of Jilin Province was more than 43 million tons, of which energyoriented straw reached more than 8.7 million tons. Straw power generation could achieve profit and bring social environment benefit under the policy supporting price of 0.75 yuan/(kW·h).

  Rural Land Trusteeship Mode: Taking Nanyang City as an Example 2017, 7 (3):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16090020 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 1006KB )   ( 870 ) Land trusteeship is a new mode in the process of land system reform under market economy. The large- scale land trusteeship is helpful to realize the land intensive management, facilitate the process of agricultural mechanization and modernization，and conform to the land policy formulated by the central government. This paper takes the land trusteeship in Nanyang City as an example, summarizes innovative practices and analyzes problems in the process. In addition, this paper presents corresponding countermeasures, including enhancing promotion and guidance, developing agriculture insurance, strengthening policy support and controlling risks effectively, thus to provide references for the implementation of land trusteeship under the new situation in rural areas in China.

  Safety and Ecological Sustainable Development of Catering Industry: Based on Shangluo City’s Scenic Spots 李斌 2017, 7 (3):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100012 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 1025 ) In order to study safety and ecologically sustainable development of the catering industry in Shangluo City’s scenic spots, an investigation was conducted to find the potential safety hazards from aspects of environment, facility, food safety etc. Base on the existing problems, it is suggested that the scenic spots should set norms for the healthy development of catering industry, strengthen the management of employees in catering industry, popularize knowledge on food safety and hygiene, improve tourists’hygiene awareness and actively promote the development of the catering industry in scenic spots. Proper handling of the relationship between the restaurant and scenic spots could benefit the overall coordinated development of the scenic spots.