Organic Active Nitrogen Fertilizer (OAN): Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040027

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective is to study the effects of organic active nitrogen fertilizer (OAN) on plants growth, yield and quality of rice, and provide supporting technologies of production and application of the fertilizer. ‘Jiayin 2’ was used as the material, 4 fertilizer treatments and one control with no fertilizer were set up. The field plot comparative experiment was conducted. Compared with control and other fertilization treatments, in T2 (OAN combined with phosphate and potash fertilizer) had more effective panicles per plant and high dry matter accumulation at maturity. The yield of T2 was increased by 0.95% compared with that of T1 (urea combined with phosphate and potash fertilizer), by 12.94% compared with T3 (only OAN), and by 9.45% compared with T4 (only urea). Meanwhile, the grain length and gel consistency was improved, while the chalk white rice rate was decreased; the protein, amylase, appearance quality, cooking and taste quality, and nutritional quality were improved. Thus, the organic active nitrogen fertilizer (OAN) should be applied with phosphate and potash fertilizer, which could promote rice plants growth, increase grain yield and improve rice quality.

Key words: Rice, Yield, Quality, Dry Matter Accumulation, Organic Active Nitrogen Fertilizer

CLC Number:

S511

Du Bai, Xie Tongzhou, Hu Xianqiao, Zhang Shoujiang, Zhang Weixing. Organic Active Nitrogen Fertilizer (OAN): Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Rice[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(9): 1-6.

Figures/Tables 9

References 31

[1]	彭少兵, 黄见良, 钟旭华, 等. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J]. 中国农业科学, 2002,35(9):1095-1103.
[2]	张洪程, 吴桂成, 戴其根, 等. 水稻氮肥精确后移及其机理[J]. 作物学报, 2011,37(10):1837-1851. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01837 URL
[3]	Guo T, Xue F, Yang J, et al. Effects of Different Dressing Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Quality of Shengdao735[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2017,18(12):2268-2271.
[4]	王伟妮, 鲁剑巍, 何予卿, 等. 氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2011,25(6):645-653. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2011.06.012 URL
[5]	陈敏, 马婷婷, 丁艳萍, 等. 配方施肥对水稻养分吸收动态及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(1):237-246. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0127 URL
[6]	张雪凌, 姜慧敏, 刘晓, 等. 优化氮肥用量和基追比例提高红壤性水稻土肥力和双季稻氮素的农学效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(2):351-359.
[7]	宋付朋, 张民, 史衍玺, 等. 控释氮肥的氮素释放特征及其对水稻的增产效应[J]. 土壤学报, 2005,42(4):619-627.
[8]	王海月, 蒋明金, 孙永健, 等. 常规氮肥与缓释氮肥配施对不同株距机插杂交稻磷素吸收、转运及分配特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2018,44(1):115-125.
[9]	李超英, 计小江, 吴春艳, 等. 施用不同新型增效尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2013,25(2):333-338.
[10]	牛新胜, 巨晓棠. 中国有机肥料资源及利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017,23(6):1462-1479.
[11]	吴建富, 卢志红, 胡丹丹. 科学认识有机肥料在农业生产中的作用[J].作物杂志, 2017(5):1-6.
[12]	王元元, 李超, 刘思超, 等. 有机肥对水稻产量、品质及土壤特性的影响研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2019,25(1):15-20.
[13]	邓小华, 张万里, 王维, 等. 控氮增施有机肥对水稻产量和效益的影响[J].耕作与栽培, 2018(5):38-39.
[14]	赵婷婷, 姜玉伟, 陈曦, 等. 减氮及配施生物有机肥和镁肥对建三江水稻品质的影响[J]. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2017,29(4):1-4,48.
[15]	王金宁, 刘世伟, 马婧, 等. 有机肥不同施用量对水稻产量性状的影响[J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2018,59(8):12-13.
[16]	陈青春, 李明, 朱秋明, 等. 不同比例有机肥与无机肥配施对水稻生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2018,24(5):105-109.
[17]	周江明. 有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012,18(1):234-240. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2012.11186 URL
[18]	胡海霞. 有机肥的长期使用对水稻生长发育的影响分析[J].现代农业研究, 2018(12):55-56,54.
[19]	李超, 刘思超, 杨晶, 等. 不同有机肥部分替代基施化学氮肥对双季稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2018,49(6):1102-1110.
[20]	高菊生, 黄晶, 董春华, 等. 长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2014,51(2):314-324.
[21]	刘晓霞, 陆若辉, 戴佩彬, 等. 化肥与有机肥长期配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018,59(5):694-697.
[22]	柳开楼, 张会民, 韩天富, 等. 长期化肥和有机肥施用对双季稻根茬生物量及养分积累特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(18):3540-3548. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.18.010 URL
[23]	盖霞普, 刘宏斌, 翟丽梅, 等. 长期增施有机肥/秸秆还田对土壤氮素淋失风险的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(12):2336-2347. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.010 URL
[24]	陈洁, 梁国庆, 周卫, 等. 长期施用有机肥对稻麦轮作体系土壤有机碳氮组分的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019,25(1):36-44.
[25]	欧杨虹, 徐阳春, 沈其荣. 有机氮部分替代无机氮对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2009,25(1):106-111.
[26]	刘增兵, 束爱萍, 刘光荣, 等. 有机肥替代化肥对双季稻产量和土壤养分的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2018,30(11):35-39.
[27]	张祥明, 孙义祥, 王文军, 等. 有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻土壤供氮特征和氮素表观盈亏的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2018,8(12):28-34.
[28]	陈尚宏. 水稻生产上用有机肥部分替代化肥试验初探[J].农业科技通讯, 2017(10):133-135.
[29]	陈爱晶, 秦光蔚. 有机肥氮素20%替代化肥氮素对水稻产量的影响研究[J].上海农业科技, 2017(6):95-96.
[30]	杨建军, 梁伟伶. 氨基酸有机肥对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].现代化农业, 2019(3):21-22.
[31]	欧泽江, 何思君. 生物有机肥料种植有机水稻的实践探究[J]. 南方农业, 2018,12(24):191-193.

处理	有效穗/(穗/株)	总粒数/(粒/穗)	实粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g	理论产量/(t/hm²)	实测产量/(t/hm²)
T0空白对照	14.18 b	148.72 a	143.34 a	96.48 a	29.60 a	12.18 a	10.27 b
T1尿素+磷钾	17.05 a	134.03 a	128.75 a	96.09 a	29.33 a	12.84 a	11.97 a
T2 OAN+磷钾	17.47 a	132.28 a	126.91 a	95.92 a	29.31 a	12.96 a	10.74 ab
T3单施OAN	16.12 ab	126.14 a	121.63 a	96.42 a	29.36 a	11.48 a	10.55 ab
T4单施尿素	15.52 ab	135.06 a	128.71 a	95.31 a	29.78 a	11.84 a	11.18 ab

处理	有效穗/(穗/株)	总粒数/(粒/穗)	实粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g	理论产量/(t/hm²)	实测产量/(t/hm²)
T0空白对照	14.18 b	148.72 a	143.34 a	96.48 a	29.60 a	12.18 a	10.27 b
T1尿素+磷钾	17.05 a	134.03 a	128.75 a	96.09 a	29.33 a	12.84 a	11.97 a
T2 OAN+磷钾	17.47 a	132.28 a	126.91 a	95.92 a	29.31 a	12.96 a	10.74 ab
T3单施OAN	16.12 ab	126.14 a	121.63 a	96.42 a	29.36 a	11.48 a	10.55 ab
T4单施尿素	15.52 ab	135.06 a	128.71 a	95.31 a	29.78 a	11.84 a	11.18 ab

处理	单株干物质积累量				单个茎蘖干物质积累量
处理	叶	茎鞘	穗	整株	叶	茎鞘	穗	单茎蘖
T0空白对照	12.73b	26.10b	50.39a	89.22b	0.89a	1.84ab	3.58a	6.31a
T1尿素+磷钾	14.79ab	32.78ab	53.97a	101.54ab	0.88a	1.95a	3.21a	6.03a
T2 OAN+磷钾	17.64a	35.48a	65.46a	118.58a	0.89a	1.79ab	3.27a	5.95a
T3单施OAN	15.80ab	34.14a	58.63a	108.57ab	0.91a	1.96a	3.37a	6.24a
T4单施尿素	15.42ab	28.26ab	54.86a	98.54ab	0.93a	1.70b	3.31a	5.95a

处理	单株干物质积累量				单个茎蘖干物质积累量
处理	叶	茎鞘	穗	整株	叶	茎鞘	穗	单茎蘖
T0空白对照	12.73b	26.10b	50.39a	89.22b	0.89a	1.84ab	3.58a	6.31a
T1尿素+磷钾	14.79ab	32.78ab	53.97a	101.54ab	0.88a	1.95a	3.21a	6.03a
T2 OAN+磷钾	17.64a	35.48a	65.46a	118.58a	0.89a	1.79ab	3.27a	5.95a
T3单施OAN	15.80ab	34.14a	58.63a	108.57ab	0.91a	1.96a	3.37a	6.24a
T4单施尿素	15.42ab	28.26ab	54.86a	98.54ab	0.93a	1.70b	3.31a	5.95a

处理	糙米率	精米率	整精米率
T0空白对照	81.53±0.15 b	72.73±0.49 a	69.40±0.66 a
T1尿素+磷钾	82.40±0.44 a	73.60±0.36 a	70.37±1.25 a
T2 OAN+磷钾	82.33±0.67 a	73.43±0.75 a	69.57±0.74 a
T3单施OAN	82.43±0.35 a	73.47±0.32 a	69.63±0.85 a
T4单施尿素	82.33±0.06 a	73.13±0.31 a	69.13±0.12 a