Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Arable Soil Organic Matter in Oroqen Banner and Its Relationship with Soybean Yield

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400012

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the spatial and temporal dynamic of soil organic matter content of different soil types in Oroqen and the relationships between organic matter content and total N content, the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of 7722 soil samples collected in Oroqen Banner in 2008-2014 were analyzed and compared with the results of local soil samples taken during The Second National Soil Census in 1986. Furthermore, a pot experiment with different soil organic matter contents was conducted to determine the effects of soil organic content on botanical characteristics, agronomic traits and yield of soybean. The content of soil organic matter and total N were determined by oil bath heating potassium dichromate volumetric method and semi-micro Kjeldahl method, respectively. There were five levels for soil organic matter content (23.24, 41.45, 60.21, 81.37, 98.71 g/kg), and two fertilizing levels (fertilizer application and no fertilizer) in the pot experiment and soybean cultivar ‘Beidou 26’ was used as material. Developmental rate and agronomic traits were investigated at flowering and maturity stage, and yield measurements were taken after harvest. The soil organic matter content of arable layer in Oroqen Banner was significantly decreased by 49.06% from 127.24 to 64.82 g/kg in recent 30 years. The changes of organic matter content in different soil types were analyzed: organic matter content of swamp soil significantly decreased by 59.08% from 165.9 to 67.89 g/kg; organic matter content of dark brown soil significantly decreased by 47.20% from 120.9 to 63.83 g/kg; organic matter content of brown forest soil significantly decreased by 30.44% from 149.2 to 103.79 g/kg; organic matter content of meadow soil significantly decreased by 40.26% from 111.5 to 66.61 g/kg; organic matter content of black soil significantly decreased by 26.01% from 88.7 to 65.63 g/kg. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content showed an obvious positive correlation. The effects of chemical fertilizer application on soybean seed yield were dependent on the soil organic matter content and no increasing effects were found after the soil organic matter content reached 81.37 g/kg. Soil organic matter in Oroqen Banner decreased by 49.06%, showing that unsustainable farming consumed a lot of soil organic matter. Significant differences of organic matter changes over years were found among the soil types, i.e. swampy soil had the largest decrease, while black soil had the smallest decrease and the dark brown soil was in the middle. Soil rich of organic matter, even without chemical fertilizer application, can also produce a higher yield of soybean. Therefore, enriching the organic matter content is the fundamental measure to improve the soil productivity and agricultural production efficiency. The authors suggest that crop rotation and straw returning are the most important measures for elevating soil organic matter.

Key words: Oroqen Banner, Organic Matter, Spatio-temporal Distribution, Soybean, Yield

CLC Number:

S316

Gao Yuqiu, Xu Cailong, Ma Lihui, Yang Zhou, Wu Cunxiang, Han Tianfu. Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Arable Soil Organic Matter in Oroqen Banner and Its Relationship with Soybean Yield[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(2): 57-63.

Figures/Tables 7

References 36

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乡镇及方位	项目	>60 g/kg	45~60 g/kg		30~45 g/kg		15~30 g/kg		平均值/(g/kg)	变幅/(g/kg)
阿里河镇西北部	面积/hm²	2308.18	635.96		0.00		0.00		71.34±15.93	38.8~123.3
阿里河镇西北部	比例/%	78.40	21.60		0.00		0.00		71.34±15.93	38.8~123.3
大杨树镇东南部	面积/hm²	39156.37	11838.60		1195.13		12.58		63.90±18.34	16.0~125.2
大杨树镇东南部	比例/%	75.01	22.68		2.29		0.02		63.90±18.34	16.0~125.2
甘河镇西北部	面积/hm²	1158.05	0.00		0.00		0.00		89.25±5.72	80.8~94.9
甘河镇西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		89.25±5.72	80.8~94.9
古里乡东南部	面积/hm²	51730.79	2891.68		92.86		7.43		75.52±19.75	24.2~129.9
古里乡东南部	比例/%	94.5	5.28		0.17		0.08		75.52±19.75	24.2~129.9
克一河镇西北部	面积/hm²	1640.42	0.00		0.00		0.00		96.51±22.96	60.0~132.4
克一河镇西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		96.51±22.96	60.0~132.4
诺敏镇西南部	面积/hm²	21915.02	11429.89		3023.85		7.78		60.04±19.97	20.5~127.2
诺敏镇西南部	比例/%	60.24	31.42		8.31		0.02		60.04±19.97	20.5~127.2
吉文镇西北部	面积/hm²	7205.35	107.72		0.00		0.00		80.82±24.97	47.4~127.8
吉文镇西北部	比例/%	98.53	1.47		0.00		0.00		80.82±24.97	47.4~127.8
托扎敏乡西北部	面积/hm²	757.25	0.00		0.00		0.00		78.50±16.39	44.7~124.9
托扎敏乡西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		78.50±16.39	44.7~124.9
乌鲁布铁镇东南部	面积/hm²	34863.77		14123.90		1157.78		23.05	66.51±18.87	17.5~132.3
乌鲁布铁镇东南部	比例/%	69.49		28.15		2.31		0.05	66.51±18.87	17.5~132.3
宜里镇东南部	面积/hm²	41103.44		22478.03		4422.17		46.31	61.03±19.21	15.8~127.2
宜里镇东南部	比例/%	60.40		33.03		8.17		0.07	61.03±19.21	15.8~127.2
全旗	面积/hm²	201838.64		63505.78		9891.79		97.15	64.82±19.42	15.8~132.4
全旗	比例/%	73.32		23.06		3.58		0.04	64.82±19.42	15.8~132.4

乡镇及方位	项目	>60 g/kg	45~60 g/kg		30~45 g/kg		15~30 g/kg		平均值/(g/kg)	变幅/(g/kg)
阿里河镇西北部	面积/hm²	2308.18	635.96		0.00		0.00		71.34±15.93	38.8~123.3
阿里河镇西北部	比例/%	78.40	21.60		0.00		0.00		71.34±15.93	38.8~123.3
大杨树镇东南部	面积/hm²	39156.37	11838.60		1195.13		12.58		63.90±18.34	16.0~125.2
大杨树镇东南部	比例/%	75.01	22.68		2.29		0.02		63.90±18.34	16.0~125.2
甘河镇西北部	面积/hm²	1158.05	0.00		0.00		0.00		89.25±5.72	80.8~94.9
甘河镇西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		89.25±5.72	80.8~94.9
古里乡东南部	面积/hm²	51730.79	2891.68		92.86		7.43		75.52±19.75	24.2~129.9
古里乡东南部	比例/%	94.5	5.28		0.17		0.08		75.52±19.75	24.2~129.9
克一河镇西北部	面积/hm²	1640.42	0.00		0.00		0.00		96.51±22.96	60.0~132.4
克一河镇西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		96.51±22.96	60.0~132.4
诺敏镇西南部	面积/hm²	21915.02	11429.89		3023.85		7.78		60.04±19.97	20.5~127.2
诺敏镇西南部	比例/%	60.24	31.42		8.31		0.02		60.04±19.97	20.5~127.2
吉文镇西北部	面积/hm²	7205.35	107.72		0.00		0.00		80.82±24.97	47.4~127.8
吉文镇西北部	比例/%	98.53	1.47		0.00		0.00		80.82±24.97	47.4~127.8
托扎敏乡西北部	面积/hm²	757.25	0.00		0.00		0.00		78.50±16.39	44.7~124.9
托扎敏乡西北部	比例/%	100	0.00		0.00		0.00		78.50±16.39	44.7~124.9
乌鲁布铁镇东南部	面积/hm²	34863.77		14123.90		1157.78		23.05	66.51±18.87	17.5~132.3
乌鲁布铁镇东南部	比例/%	69.49		28.15		2.31		0.05	66.51±18.87	17.5~132.3
宜里镇东南部	面积/hm²	41103.44		22478.03		4422.17		46.31	61.03±19.21	15.8~127.2
宜里镇东南部	比例/%	60.40		33.03		8.17		0.07	61.03±19.21	15.8~127.2
全旗	面积/hm²	201838.64		63505.78		9891.79		97.15	64.82±19.42	15.8~132.4
全旗	比例/%	73.32		23.06		3.58		0.04	64.82±19.42	15.8~132.4

土壤类型	项目	>60 g/kg	45~60 g/kg	30~45 g/kg	15~30 g/kg	平均数 g/kg
暗棕壤	面积/hm²	101610.21	36623.89	5816.25	63.58	63.83±18.92
暗棕壤	比例/%	70.51	25.41	4.04	0.04	63.83±18.92
草甸土	面积/hm²	22536.99	7046.34	1763.71	22.81	66.61±19.25
草甸土	比例/%	71.84	22.46	5.62	0.07	66.61±19.25
黑土	面积/hm²	48823.60	13354.73	1334.98	7.43	65.63±18.80
黑土	比例/%	76.86	21.02	2.10	0.01	65.63±18.80
沼泽土	面积/hm²	28804.65	6431.00	940.85	3.35	67.89±22.94
沼泽土	比例/%	79.62	17.78	2.60	0.01	67.89±22.94
棕色针叶林土	面积/hm²	8.58	0.00	0.00	0.00	103.79±20.78
棕色针叶林土	比例/%	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	103.79±20.78
全旗	面积/hm²	201784.3	63455.96	9855.79	97.17	64.82±19.42
全旗	比例/%	73.32	23.06	3.58	0.04	64.82±19.42

土壤类型	项目	>60 g/kg	45~60 g/kg	30~45 g/kg	15~30 g/kg	平均数 g/kg
暗棕壤	面积/hm²	101610.21	36623.89	5816.25	63.58	63.83±18.92
暗棕壤	比例/%	70.51	25.41	4.04	0.04	63.83±18.92
草甸土	面积/hm²	22536.99	7046.34	1763.71	22.81	66.61±19.25
草甸土	比例/%	71.84	22.46	5.62	0.07	66.61±19.25
黑土	面积/hm²	48823.60	13354.73	1334.98	7.43	65.63±18.80
黑土	比例/%	76.86	21.02	2.10	0.01	65.63±18.80
沼泽土	面积/hm²	28804.65	6431.00	940.85	3.35	67.89±22.94
沼泽土	比例/%	79.62	17.78	2.60	0.01	67.89±22.94
棕色针叶林土	面积/hm²	8.58	0.00	0.00	0.00	103.79±20.78
棕色针叶林土	比例/%	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	103.79±20.78
全旗	面积/hm²	201784.3	63455.96	9855.79	97.17	64.82±19.42
全旗	比例/%	73.32	23.06	3.58	0.04	64.82±19.42