Current issue

• 2021 Vol.11 No.2 Published:20 February 2021

  Promotion and Application of Simple Seed Production Technology of Hybrid Rice in Jianning County Fan Yixin 2021, 11 (2):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020030062 Abstract + ( 778 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 345 ) To speed up the development of modern seed industry, the author studied the promotion and application of simple seed production technology (SPT) of hybrid rice in Jianning Country. The results show that the promotion and application of simple SPT are mainly throughout the process of breeding, planting, guarding, harvesting and drying by means of machines so as to cut the production cost and improve the yield of seed production and the quality of seeds. The simple SPT could not only improve the economic, social and ecological benefits, but also promote the development of seed industry, agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income of the county as well as the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy.

  Correlation Between Yield and Its Components of Wheat Varieties in Regional Trials of Anhui Ma Qing, Zhang Yukun, Liu Xingzhou, Wang Xu, Yang Jie 2021, 11 (2):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200320 Abstract + ( 637 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 424 ) The paper aims to reveal the influence of yield components on yield in Huaibei area of Anhui Province and provide reference for high-yield wheat breeding and field production. The correlations between yield and yield components of 284 wheat varieties in Anhui Provincial regional trial of semi-winter group from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that the yield variation coefficient was the largest and the variation coefficient of yield components followed the order of grains per spike> spikes> 1000-grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that wheat yield had an extremely significant and positive correlation with yield components, and the correlation degree was grains per spike> 1000-grain weight> spikes. The path analysis showed that the direct contribution of the yield components to yield was large, following an order of grains per spike> spikes> 1000-grain weight. The three yield components which had an extremely significant conic relation with yield were beneficial to the yield increase in an appropriate range. According to the analysis results and the ecological conditions in Huaibei area, increasing the number of grains per spike and steadily improving 1000-grain weight are the keys to high yield of wheat on the basis of proper controlling the number of spikes. In the high-yield breeding and field production with wheat yield more than 9000 kg/hm2, the best yield components should be 6000000 spikes/hm2 to 6750000 spikes/hm2, more than 35 grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight from 41 g to 47 g.

  Winter-spring Characteristics of Wheat: Identification Method and Evaluation Index Sun Junwei, Yang Ziguang, Meng Limei, Zhang Ke 2021, 11 (2):  12-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300057 Abstract + ( 569 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 361 ) The purpose is to explore and verify the scientific, intuitive and applicable methods and evaluation indexes for winter-spring wheat identification, and to guide the scientific determination of wheat and the rational use of seed in the future. Using 59 wheat varieties as test materials, spring sowing test and artificial vernalization test were conducted from 2008 to 2013, genotypes of wheat varieties in winter and spring were studied, the heading rate of spring sowing, seedling-heading period, vernalization time for heading, growth habit and maturity were analyzed. Under the second stage of spring sowing, the spring sowing heading percentage of winter varieties was less than 30%, all of them were immature, but the spring sowing heading percentage of spring varieties was more than 30%, they were of basic maturity and maturity. Taking the spring sowing heading percentage as the main classification index and the shortest distance method was used for cluster analysis, wheat varieties could be divided into two categories. The tassel rates of winter and spring varieties could be divided into four ranges under the first stage of spring sowing. Winter varieties could be further classified based on the heading rate. The spring varieties could be further classified according to the heading rate and the seedling ear stage and maturity under the third stage of spring sowing. The spring sowing heading percentage was the main index to evaluate winterness and springiness of wheat varieties, the seedling-heading period and the number of days of low temperature vernalization required for heading could be used as secondary indexes. Growth habit and variety maturity at seedling stage could be used as reference indexes.

  Effects of Densification on Corn Yield and Lodging Resistance Under Different Nitrogen Levels Liu Jiamin, Wang Yang, Niu Jincan, Zhang Zhiru, Liu Zhibin, Zhu Qiuhui, Ye Youliang, Huang Yufang 2021, 11 (2):  23-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200296 Abstract + ( 1143 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 338 ) The paper aims at exploring the effect of density increasing on corn yield and lodging resistance under different nitrogen application levels, so as to provide a basis for establishing planting density and nitrogen application amount of corn in field. With two corn varieties, two densities and three nitrogen levels, we studied the effects of different treatments on yield, lodging resistance and economic benefits. The results showed that the yield, stem diameter and bending resistance of ‘Beiqing 340’ were higher than those of ‘Denghai 605’. Under the condition of high density, the yield of ‘Denghai 605’ was significantly reduced by applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer. The dry matter of each growth stage was N180 > N360 > N0; plant height and ear height could not be used as the standard for judging lodging performance alone, and the improvement of basal internode stem bending resistance could reduce the lodging risk that increased with the crop growth. To increase the planting density would raise the economic benefits as well as the lodging risk. Under the same density, the lodging resistance was the best at N180 level, no or excessive fertilization would both increase the lodging risk.

  S-ABA and Fulvic Acid: Effect on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Oats Under Drought Stress Zhou Haitao, Zhang Yanyang, Zhao Mengyuan, Li Tianliang, Cao Lixia, Zhang Xinjun 2021, 11 (2):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400015 Abstract + ( 567 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 334 ) The aim is to provide technical support for drought-resistant cultivation of oats. ‘Hebei-Zhangjiakou No.5’ oat was used as the test material in a pot experiment, the effects of fulvic acid and S-abscisic acid (S-ABA) on the photosynthesis characteristics and yield of the variety in different periods and under different water supply conditions under drought stress were analyzed. The results showed that both fulvic acid and S-ABA improved the photosynthesis characteristics and yield of ‘Hebei-Zhangjiakou No.5’ to varying degrees. Under normal water supply, moderate moisture stress and severe drought stress, the yield of oat under S-ABA treatment was increased by 27.04%, 25.65% and 37.11%, respectively, compared with that of the control group, and the effect was better than spraying fulvic acid. Taken together, S-ABA has a significant influence on the increase of oat yield.

  Control Effect of Three Insecticides Against Cherry Drosophila Wu Haibin, Jiang Lili, Gong Yi, Gong Qingtao, Fan Kun, Fu Li, Dong Fang 2021, 11 (2):  35-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000218 Abstract + ( 3049 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1096KB )   ( 1010 ) This paper aims to study the optimum dosage and control effect of 3 insecticides, spinetoram suspension concentrate, Empedobacter brevis suspension concentrate and emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule against cherry drosophila, and to provide a scientific basis for the production and application. The field trial was conducted by routine spraying. 60 g/L of spinetoram suspension concentrate (24, 30 and 40 mg/L), 5% of emamectin benzoate water dispersible granule (5.00, 6.25 and 8.33 mg/L) and 10 billion spores/mL of Empedobacter brevis suspension concentrate (1.00×10 7, 1.11×107 and 1.25×107 spores/mL) could effectively control cherry drosophila, the field efficacy was 89.02%-95.53%, 86.99%-91.87% and 87.40%-92.28%, respectively. Based on the experiment results and the ecological safety, the 3 insecticides are ideal agents to control cherry drosophila, it is recommended that 60 g/L of spinetoram SC at 30-40 mg/L, 5% of emamectin benzoate WG at 6.25-8.33 mg/L and 10 billion spores/mL of empedobacter brevis SC at 1.11×107-1.25×107spores/mL are sprayed alternately in the period of cherry fruit expansion and fruit color change to delay the onset of resistance.

  Effects of Long-term Reducing Fertilization on Soil Nutrient Content in Protected Cultivated Land Tan Haiyan, Ma Fang, Yang Conglin, Yang Shun'an, Zhang Shaomin, Tong Jiangyun 2021, 11 (2):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191100284 Abstract + ( 569 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1091KB )   ( 447 ) To study the effect of long-term reducing fertilization on soil nutrient content in protected cultivated land under different cropping systems, the soil nutrients and fertilization rate of five long-term soil nutrient monitoring points in Jinning County of Kunming City were statistically analyzed, and the effect of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrient was compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil organic matter between long-term reducing fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment, but the organic matter in long-term non-fertilization decreased significantly. Compared with those of the fertilization treatment, soil available N and available P of non-fertilization treatment decreased obviously. There was no significant difference in soil available N and available P between reducing fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment, but available N decreased as nitrogen fertilizer decreased. Due to the long-term phosphorus fertilizer application, enrichment effect of phosphorus was significant in protected soil. Long-term reducing nitrogen application will not result in the decrease of soil organic matter, available N and available P in protected cultivated land.

  Comparative Study of Physicochemical Characteristics of Different Species of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Compost Chen Yizhao 2021, 11 (2):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0165 Abstract + ( 674 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 369 ) To study the physical and chemical characters of self-composting mature compost of different species of mushroom bran and to understand their physicochemical differences is helpful to make a full use of different kinds of mushroom bran resources, turn waste into treasure, and improve the utilization value of mushroom bran. The temperature, pH, conductivity, organic matter and total humic acid of seafood mushroom bran, pleurotus ostreatus mushroom bran and pleurotus geesteranus mushroom bran were investigated every 10 d. When they were composted for 60 d, the composting mature temperature of the three kinds of bran could be increased above 55℃, and the duration of high temperature was 27, 17 and 11 d, respectively. With the exception of pleurotus geesteranus mushroom bran, the EC value of each fungus bran increased gradually with the composting process and met the requirements of composting; the organic matter content decreased gradually by 6.1%, 12.2% and 15.0%, respectively; the total humic acid increased by 70.04%, 95.5% and 24.8%, respectively; the total humic acid of each fungus bran compost was the highest at 40 d, and that of seafood mushroom bran was 356 g/kg. The characteristics of different species of mushroom bran have certain differences, so the utilization of mushroom bran resources should be applied according to its characteristics.

  The Immobilization of Cd and Pb in Contaminated Soil Around Mines in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei Xue Zhongcai, Ma Fangfang, Liu Jie 2021, 11 (2):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200031 Abstract + ( 610 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 253 ) According to Cd and Pb pollution status in soil around mines in mountainous area of northern Hebei, the content of available Cd and Pb were studied after adding combinations of lime, montmorillonite, biochar and zeolites with different amounts (0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%) by a soil culture experiment in laboratory, aiming to screen a soil conditioner with good effect. The results indicated that the content of available Cd, available Pb and pH in the soil were changed by different kinds and amounts of soil conditioners. The content of available Cd and Pb in the soil decreased with the increase of soil conditioner. Meanwhile, the immobilization effect of combinations of materials on the available Cd and Pb in soil was better than that of single material. The combination of 20%-30% lime, 10%-20% montmorillonite, 40%-50% biochar and 0-30% zeolites had the best decreasing effect on the content of available Cd and Pb in the soil around mines in mountainous area of northern Hebei.

  Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Arable Soil Organic Matter in Oroqen Banner and Its Relationship with Soybean Yield Gao Yuqiu, Xu Cailong, Ma Lihui, Yang Zhou, Wu Cunxiang, Han Tianfu 2021, 11 (2):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400012 Abstract + ( 602 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1472KB )   ( 317 ) To study the spatial and temporal dynamic of soil organic matter content of different soil types in Oroqen and the relationships between organic matter content and total N content, the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of 7722 soil samples collected in Oroqen Banner in 2008-2014 were analyzed and compared with the results of local soil samples taken during The Second National Soil Census in 1986. Furthermore, a pot experiment with different soil organic matter contents was conducted to determine the effects of soil organic content on botanical characteristics, agronomic traits and yield of soybean. The content of soil organic matter and total N were determined by oil bath heating potassium dichromate volumetric method and semi-micro Kjeldahl method, respectively. There were five levels for soil organic matter content (23.24, 41.45, 60.21, 81.37, 98.71 g/kg), and two fertilizing levels (fertilizer application and no fertilizer) in the pot experiment and soybean cultivar ‘Beidou 26’ was used as material. Developmental rate and agronomic traits were investigated at flowering and maturity stage, and yield measurements were taken after harvest. The soil organic matter content of arable layer in Oroqen Banner was significantly decreased by 49.06% from 127.24 to 64.82 g/kg in recent 30 years. The changes of organic matter content in different soil types were analyzed: organic matter content of swamp soil significantly decreased by 59.08% from 165.9 to 67.89 g/kg; organic matter content of dark brown soil significantly decreased by 47.20% from 120.9 to 63.83 g/kg; organic matter content of brown forest soil significantly decreased by 30.44% from 149.2 to 103.79 g/kg; organic matter content of meadow soil significantly decreased by 40.26% from 111.5 to 66.61 g/kg; organic matter content of black soil significantly decreased by 26.01% from 88.7 to 65.63 g/kg. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content showed an obvious positive correlation. The effects of chemical fertilizer application on soybean seed yield were dependent on the soil organic matter content and no increasing effects were found after the soil organic matter content reached 81.37 g/kg. Soil organic matter in Oroqen Banner decreased by 49.06%, showing that unsustainable farming consumed a lot of soil organic matter. Significant differences of organic matter changes over years were found among the soil types, i.e. swampy soil had the largest decrease, while black soil had the smallest decrease and the dark brown soil was in the middle. Soil rich of organic matter, even without chemical fertilizer application, can also produce a higher yield of soybean. Therefore, enriching the organic matter content is the fundamental measure to improve the soil productivity and agricultural production efficiency. The authors suggest that crop rotation and straw returning are the most important measures for elevating soil organic matter.

  The Main Factors Affecting the Implementation of Land Remediation Projects Zhang Hai’ou 2021, 11 (2):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200020 Abstract + ( 601 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 978KB )   ( 250 ) Cultivated land is the fundamental guarantee ensuring national food security, and land remediation is an important means to supplement cultivated land. However, land remediation involves a large scope of aspects, with complicated natural, economic and social backgrounds, high technical requirements, strong policy-dependence and many restrictive factors. Therefore, land remediation often presents problems, which affect project implementation and project quality. Based on the characteristics of land remediation in China, literature review and practical project experience, the author summarizes major difficulties and problems encountered in the implementation of land remediation project, and puts forward solutions and suggestions for the realizing sustainable land use.

  Fertilizer Quality Sampling Results in Shaanxi: Analysis and Evaluation 2017-2018 Lei Chao, Xu Feiyan, Jing Zhaobin, Liu Yu, Yao Xin, Zhu Ruizhen, Liu Zhiping, Liu Fengjun 2021, 11 (2):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0073 Abstract + ( 554 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1062KB )   ( 410 ) To understand the quality of fertilizer products in Shaanxi, and provide a basis for the supervision of agricultural materials, this article analyzes and evaluates the overall situation of 165 batches of fertilizer samples, the inspection results of different fertilizer types, and the unqualified items produced from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that in the past two years, the sampling tests of urea, ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate were all qualified; the quality of compound (mixed) fertilizer, blended fertilizer and superphosphate products decreased significantly; the unqualified items mainly included those whose content of single nutrients (total nitrogen and available phosphorus) was lower than the national standard or the product's stated value, and the content of harmful ingredients such as chloride ion and free acid exceeded the national standard value. In future supervision and random inspection, the sampling amount of compound fertilizer products should be increased, the supervision and inspection plan should be optimized, thus to improve the quality of chemical fertilizer products in Shaanxi.

  Identification of Codonopsis pilosula Crown Rot Disease and Its Sensitivity to Fungicides Qi Yonghong, Li Minquan, Cao Sufang, Jiang Jingjing, Li Xueping, Li Qingqing, Xu Meirong, Li Jiping 2021, 11 (2):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0052 Abstract + ( 635 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 372 ) To clarify the pathogen, pathogenicity and dominant pathogen species of Codonopsis pilosula crown rot disease and their sensitivity to different fungicides, the pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation method and identified according to its culture traits, morphology and molecular biological characteristics. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of different fungicides was determined by mycelium growth inhibition method. The results showed that the disease pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. sonali and F. equiseti. The dominant species was F. oxysporum. Pathogenicity testing showed that the three species could cause C. pilosula crown rot disease, F. oxysporum had the strongest pathogenicity, and its disease rate and disease index had a significant difference from those of the other two. Laboratory toxicity test of different fungicides to the mycelia growth of the three species showed that difenoconazole fungicide had the strongest inhibition activity, and the three Fusarium species had the highest sensitivity to pyraclostrobin fungicide.

  The Sustainable Development of Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in China He Lan, Jiang Weibing, Song Juyu 2021, 11 (2):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000239 Abstract + ( 737 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 426 ) Since 2002, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has released the ‘Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems’ (GIAHS) project, Chinese scholars have been exploring a suitable way for the protection and development of China’s agricultural heritage systems. This article summarized academic papers that scholars published on the periodical full-text database of CNKI between 2006 and 2019, in combination with some field trips, and expounded the three values of the sustainable development of China’s agricultural heritage systems, including economic value, ecological value and social value. In addition, the essay analyzed the problems in the process of the sustainable development of China’s agricultural heritage systems, such as regression of traditional production models, degradation of ecosystems, weak awareness of cultural heritage, and inadequate application materials. Finally, several strategies for the sustainable development were introduced, for example innovative production models, stimulation of cultural creativity and improvement of related documents. Although the protection of China’s agricultural heritage systems is important, exploring its sustainable development path is the foundation for its continued survival. This path requires not only academic research by scholars but also the financial support from the government and practitioners, and needs the joint efforts of all walks of life.

  High Quality Development of Tea in Shanyang of Shaanxi: Problems and Countermeasures Li Lin 2021, 11 (2):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300080 Abstract + ( 880 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1092KB )   ( 731 ) Shanyang County of Shaanxi Province is located on the northern edge of the western tea region in China, it has more than 40 years of tea cultivation history since the 1970s. Because the county has good local ecological environment, acidic soil rich in zinc, selenium and other trace elements, slowly rising temperature in early spring, and abundant dry matter accumulation, its tea quality is good and outshining in southern Shaanxi. However, there are still problems restricting the high-quality development of Shanyang tea, such as extensive farming management, high production and processing costs, slow promotion of standardized production technologies and insufficient brand building efforts. The author puts forward suggestions on high-quality tea development in terms of introducing talents, increasing technical guidance, brand building, publicity, exhibition and policy support.

  Research on the Implementation Strategy of Technology Transfer in Agricultural Research Institutions——Taking the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an Example Li Xue 2021, 11 (2):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200325 Abstract + ( 799 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 950KB )   ( 364 ) The ‘Technology Transfer Trilogy’ promotes the efficiency and quality of technology transfer. But it is hard for the enterprises to become the main body of innovation in agricultural field because of the lack of input in research and development. Meanwhile, scientific institutions only focus on the advancement of technical specification and ignore market requirements. Therefore, the departure of S&T and economy always exists. In order to break the wall between S&T and economy, taking Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example, the study gives applicable suggestions from the following aspects: innovating system and mechanism, integrating scientific institution and enterprise, building professional organization and team, setting up incubation platform, providing financial security and paying more attention to IP management.

  The Industrial Development of Poor Villages Under the ‘One Village One Product’ Mode—An Example of Chinese Prickly Ash Industry in Bojiluo Village Li Qiyong, Wu Binglin, Li Xingyue, Fu Huijuan, Xiang Yunjia, Yang Xiaorong, Xia Wuqi, Zhang Hong 2021, 11 (2):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900199 Abstract + ( 427 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 982KB )   ( 321 ) The agricultural industry is an important foundation to promote rural development and increase farmers' income, and the mode of ‘one village one product’ has become a model for rural industrial development. Based on the key points of this mode, we discussed the industrial development of poor villages, aiming to provide a reference for promoting the characteristic industries in poverty stricken regions. Taking Bojiluo village of Muli County as an example, we introduced the current development status of its Chinese prickly ash industry, and analyzed the existing problems in the development process from the perspectives of industrial planning, planting technology, marketing, and etc. Finally, we proposed countermeasures to solve the existing problems in the industry development of Chinese prickly ash in the village from the aspects of top-level planning, industrial mechanism, infrastructure construction, technical support, product mode update and post-harvest management.