Abstract: As the global ecological environment increasingly deteriorates, the earth is suffering from the disaster resulting from industry’s excessive development, and lives of humans and other creatures on earth is getting more fragile. Therefore, the importance of ecology is increasingly significant; ecological problems are becoming the central concern of the development of global population. The 18th CPC National Congress of Communist Party of China writes “ to construct ecology civilization” in the political report to indicate the importance of ecological ethics in the development of China today. Based on the origin and history, this article analyzes the major agricultural problems in ecological civilization, such as problems in agricultural policies andsystems, crop security, agricultural pollution as well as food security, water pollution, soil erosion and desertization, biomass energy, and ecological and social problems related to development ofenergy plants. In the article, the approaches to better developing ecological civilization can be sum- marized as to build a diverse agricultural system adaptive to ecological civilization, to im- prove methods of agricultural production, and to develop sustainable agriculture. And, four main solutions to the problems above are reinforcing ecologically-moral education to build ecologically-civilized ethics, enhancing the laws and regulations associated with ecology protection, protecting natural resources as well as solving pollution and repairing ecosystem, promoting creativity on technology and system integration, and lastly, altering the current mode of agricultural development to form diverse agriculture. Sustainable and diverse agriculture is a practical choice for China today to achieve ecology civilization, and the future of agricultural ecology civilization should be based on landscape agriculture.