Abstract: In order to explore reasonable single-seed sowing mode in peanut, the experiment adopted randomized block design and study the effects of different row spacing on characteristic and yield in peanut single-seed sowing. The results showed that, yield and pod number of per plant showed a decreasing trend, with the increasing of sown density. Both of full pod rate and the total number of branches were greater than CK. In the condition of 195000 caves /hm2 density, pod yield of 40 cm and 33.3 cm row spacing reached the highest. But in the condition of 33.3 cm row spacing, the difference of peanut pod and CK yield was significant at the level of 1 percent, respectively were 6849 kg/hm2, 6768 kg/hm2. The input-output ratio of single-seed sowing was significantly higher than double-seed sowing. The survey analysis showed that, in summary, single-seed sowing was able to achieve the target yield and to achieve better economic benefits in peanut.