Abstract: In this paper, site monitoring method was used to study the compost effect of continued straw returning to field. The results showed that under continued straw returning to field for 3 years, soil organic matter increased, bulk density decreased, soil physical and chemical properties were improved, and the rice yield increased. Compared with no straw returning, rice production was raised by 590.67- 774.00 kg/hm2, namely 7.14%-9.36%; soil bulk density decreased by 0.02-0.03 g/cm3, namely 1.53%-2.30%; soil organic matter increased by 0.64- 1.34 g/kg, namely 1.97%- 4.13% ; soil alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content were improved in different degrees. Through analysis of variance, conventional fertilization quick composting of rice straw returning treatment and conventional fertilization without straw returning treatment between the soil bulk density, soil organic matter, soil nitrogen differences between available phosphorus content was extremely significant, the difference between soil physicochemical properties index was not significant between other treatments (P > 0.05). The continued straw returning to field could not only enhance the fertility, but also increase production and income.