Abstract: Chilling damage often happens at soybean seedling stage in Heilongjiang. To clarify the effect of chilling damage at seedling stage on soybean yield, a pot experiment was conducted. At V1 stage, soybean seedlings in the natural environment were moved into artificial climate cabinet for different temperature treatments, including 6℃, 10℃, and 25℃ (CK). After 48 h, fresh leaf weight, fresh cotyledon weight, fresh stem weight, fresh root weight and chlorophyll content of soybean seedling were determined. And then soybean seedlings were transferred to bigger pot for growth. The seed yield and yield components were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that cold stress significantly decreased fresh leaf weight, fresh cotyledon weight, fresh stem weight, fresh root weight and chlorophyll content. Morphological and physiological parameters of cold- resistant variety‘Henong60’decreased much more slowly than cold- sensitive variety ‘Heinong48’with the temperature decrease. Cold stress at seedling stage did not significantly decrease pod number per plant, seed number per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield of‘Henong60’. However, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield of‘Heinong48’were significantly decreased by cold stress at seedling stage. Therefore, the cold stress at soybean seedling stage is not beneficial to the formation of seed yield and can significantly decrease the seed yield of cold-sensitive variety.