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Journal of Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 21-27.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0053

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Evolution Analysis of Main Traits of Registered Rape Varieties in China from 2017 to 2021

CAO Xiaodong1(), LU Yantian2, ZHENG Guoqiang3, TONG Xiaoli1, GAO Jingru1, ZHAO Jianan1, SHANG Liping1, LI Baojun1, WANG Hao1, REN Junrong1()   

  1. 1Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    3Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-05-07 Revised:2022-08-28 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-16

Abstract:

The study explored the development trend of oilseed rape variety selection and breeding, aiming to provide reference for breeding direction of rape. This study was conducted by compiling information on 594 registered kale type winter oilseed rape varieties in China from 2017—2021 to comprehensively analyze the change patterns and correlations of relevant traits of registered varieties. The results showed that: the growth period of the registered varieties presented a shortening trend, with an average annual shortening of 2.3 days; the yield of the varieties had an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 60.90 kg/hm2; the main traits of plant height, thousand-seed weight and oil content showed an increasing trend with an average annual increase of 2.83 cm, 0.07% and 0.67%, respectively; the changes of the remaining traits were relatively stable. Correlation analysis showed that the growth period was highly significantly and positively correlated with the number of siliques per plant, seeds per silique, and yield; the yield was closely correlated with seeds per silique and thousand-seed weight; and the different synergistic effects among the remaining traits together constituted variety specificity, consistency and stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) screened out five principal components with a cumulative contribution of 71.44% to the overall variance, of which effective number of branches, the number of siliques per plant, seeds per silique, thousand-seed weight and erucic acid were the main factors responsible for the differences among these varieties. In general, the Brassicanapus varieties bred in recent years are more early maturing and have steadily improved yield and oil content. Future breeding objectives should focus on improving traits such as thousand-seed weight, seeds per silique and oil content.

Key words: Brassicanapus, yield, trait evolution, genetic improvement, PCA analysis